Enhanced Giant Ferroelectric Tunneling Electroresistance in 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Oxides.

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) based on ferroelectric switching and quantum tunneling effects with thickness down to a few unit cells have been explored for applications of two-dimensional (2D) electronic devices in data storage and neural networks. As a key performance indicator, the enhanced tunneling electrosistance (TER) ratio provides a broader dynamic range for precise modulation of synaptic weights, improving the stability and accuracy of neural networks. Herein, we report an observation of pronounced enhancement in the TER ratio by over 4 orders of magnitude through the fabrication of large-scale heterostructures combining bismuth ferrite with two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper oxide BiFeO.

Levetiracetam-Assisted Perovskite Crystallization and Tripartite Lead Iodide Reduction in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Sequential deposition technique is widely used to fabricate perovskite films with large grain size in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Residual lead halide (PbI) in the perovskite film tends to be decomposed into metallic lead (Pb) under long-term heating or light soaking. Here, a chiral levetiracetam (LEV) dopant containing α-amide and pyrrolidone groups is introduced into the PbI precursor solution.

Tuning Interfacial Thermal Transport through Phase Engineering in 2D Ferroelectrics.

As a 2D material with distinctive ferroelectric properties, InSe offers significant potential for the applications in information memory and advanced data storage technologies. It also exhibits a complex phase diagram that is highly sensitive to temperature and pressure variations, resulting in diverse lattice configurations. While extensive studies have focused on the phase transition behavior of InSe, its impact on phonon transport remains largely unexplored.

A New Transparent Organic Glass with Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield.

Transparent meltable glasses are keenly desired for making color-conversion layer of Mini-LEDs. In this work, transparent luminescent organic glasses were prepared using a new matrix of heptyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (CHBrP, HTPBr). Through doping of a blue dye (9,10-diphenylanthracene, DPA), the resulting glass exhibited a high transparency (92%) and a blue emission at 436 nm.

Tranexamic acid in patients undergoing burn surgery: an updated meta-analysis.

Background: Surgical procedures often entail significant blood loss, potentially leading to various complications. Thus, reducing perioperative bleeding is crucial to enhancing patient outcomes. This study systematically evaluates and conducts a meta-analysis on the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients undergoing burn surgery.

Bidirectional scan-based velocity scheduling algorithm for proton arc gantry with limited jerk.

Objective: Spot-scanning proton arc therapy (SPArc) is an innovative planning and delivery framework for proton arc therapy that achieves conformal dose distribution via the rotating gantry. The clinical implementation of SPArc relies on efficient treatment delivery and smooth gantry rotation, with gantry velocity scheduling playing a crucial role in addressing this challenge. This study proposes a bidirectional scan-based gantry velocity scheduling algorithm, designated as BDS, to enhance the delivery efficiency and generate smooth gantry velocity profiles for SPArc plans concerning the mechanical and clinical requirements.

Solvent engineering enables tin-lead perovskite films with long carrier diffusion lengths and reduced tin segregation.

All-perovskite tandem solar cells offer great promise for achieving low levelized cost of electricity, but their performance remains limited by insufficient near-infrared photon absorption in narrow bandgap tin-lead (Sn-Pb) subcells. Micron-thick Sn-Pb layers are essential for maximizing absorption, yet high-concentration precursor solutions often cause non-uniform crystallization, stoichiometric imbalance and limited carrier diffusion lengths. Here we identify the root cause of these limitations as the insufficient coordination of tin(II) iodide (SnI) in conventional dimethylformamide (DMF)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) binary solvent system at high precursor concentrations, resulting in Sn-rich colloids that nucleate detrimental Sn-rich phases in final films.

Green Synthesis and Flexibilization Engineering of (ECMP)MnBr for Smart Textile-Integrated Luminescence.

0D hybrid manganese halides represent an emerging class of luminescent materials, yet their practical application has been hindered by the intrinsic trade-off between optical performance and mechanical flexibility. Here, a green synthesis of 0D (ECMP)MnBr crystal is reported, exhibiting unprecedented triple-mode emission (photoluminescence, X-ray scintillation, and mechanoluminescence) through rationally designed highly symmetric [MnBr] tetrahedra, achieving near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (98.97%), record-low X-ray detection limit (15.

A self-gated 4D-MRI sequence for internal target volume delineation in liver: Phantom and pre-clinical validation.

Background: The poor soft tissue resolution of four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) limits its utility in delineating liver cancer target volumes.

Purpose: To compare the consistency between four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI) using T1-weighted (T1w) radial stack-of-stars (SOS) gradient echo (GRE) sequences and 4D-CT in assessing tumor motion and morphology, for defining internal target volume in liver tumor radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Position and geometric accuracy and the impact of baseline drift between 4D-MRI (using T1w radial SOS GRE sequence) and 4D-CT were evaluated using a motion phantom.

A PDMS Coating-Based Balloon-Shaped Fiber Optic Respiratory Monitoring Sensor.

A respiratory monitoring sensor based on a balloon-shaped optical fiber is proposed. The sensor consists of a single-mode fiber (SMF) coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bent into a balloon shape to form a fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The sensor's sensitivity to temperature enables monitoring of breathing status by recognizing the temperature changes that occur during human respiration.

Fabrication and Light-Driven Displacement of Ferroelectric Freestanding Epitaxial Sheets of Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate.

The development of peeling techniques for highly oriented and crystalline ferroelectric sheets is crucial for various applications. Recently, a remarkable light-induced displacement is demonstrated in BaTiO freestanding sheets. However, their displacement is still limited.

Size-Induced High Entropy Effect for Optimized Electrolyte Design of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Electrolyte design is critical for high energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but is struggling with the trade-offs between conductivity and stability. Increasing electrolyte entropy can improve the conductivity without compromising stability. A size-induced high entropy effect is identified for electrolyte design, which increases configurational entropy and is more pronounced than conventional number-induced high entropy effect.

Visualization of Intervalley Coherent Phase in PtSe_{2}/bilayer Graphene Heterojunction.

The intervalley coherent (IVC) phase in graphene systems arises from the coherent superposition of wave functions of opposite valleys, whose direct microscopic visualization provides pivotal insight into the emergent physics. Here, we successfully visualize the IVC phase in a heterostructure of monolayer PtSe_{2} and bilayer-graphene (BLG) on graphite. Using spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy, we observe a sqrt[3]×sqrt[3] modulation pattern superimposed on the higher-order moiré superlattice of the heterostructure, which correlates with a gap-opening feature around the Fermi level and displays an antiphase real-space conductance distribution of the two gap edges.

Voltage-driven flexible skyrmioniums for high-speed transport and reversible logic in discrete electrode nanowires.

A magnetic skyrmionium, a composite spin texture formed by merging two topologically distinct skyrmions, is a promising information carrier for high-speed and high-density spintronic devices. Although spin current is a common driving force for skyrmionium dynamics, it can induce Joule heating and compromise device stability. To address this limitation, we investigated a voltage-driven approach for propelling skyrmioniums using discrete electrodes.

Geometry-originated universal relation for arbitrary convex hard particles.

We have discovered that two significant quantities within hard particle systems, the probability of successfully inserting an additional particle at random and the scale distribution function, can be connected by a concise relation. We anticipate that this relation holds universal applicability for convex hard particles. Our investigations encompassed a range of particle shapes, including one-dimensional line segments, two-dimensional disks, equilateral and non-equilateral triangles, squares, rectangles, and three-dimensional spheres.

Hollow MoSe/N-doped carbon composited with ZnInS constructing dual Z-scheme heterojunction for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performances.

The hollow MoSe/N-doped carbon (NC) composite, which was obtained through Mo-polydopamine as a self-sacrificing template based on the Kirkendall effect, was further utilized to fabricate a novel ternary MoSe/NC/ZIS (MNZ) dual Z-scheme heterojunction by growing ZnInS (ZIS) onto it via a hydrothermal process. The optimized MNZ (12MNZ) heterojunction exhibits exceptional performance in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), hydrogen (H) evolution, hydrogen peroxide (HO) production, and carbon dioxide (CO) reduction under visible light irradiation. The 12MNZ photocatalyst achieves a significant photodegradation efficiency of TCH reaching 98.

Universal Centimeter-Scale van der Waals Epitaxy of Ultrathin Single-Crystalline Ferrites Films.

2D magnetic materials offer significant potential for advanced spintronics, but their practical implementation is hindered by fundamental limitations such as low Curie temperatures and the current inability to achieve scalable, large-area synthesis. Herein, a significant breakthrough in the centimeter-scale epitaxial growth of ultrathin single-crystalline magnetic ferrite films, including cobalt ferrite, manganese ferrite, and nickel ferrite is reported. By leveraging symmetry-matching-induced energy splitting between antiparallel orientations and developing a precisely engineered nucleation timing strategy to amplify synergistic coupling, unidirectional epitaxial growth with seamless domain coalescence is achieved.

Imprisoning 2H intermediate phases in blade-coated wide-bandgap perovskites for efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Scalable fabrication of high-efficiency all-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) remains challenging due to notable voltage deficits in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells, primarily driven by severe halide segregation during the large-scale blade coating process. Here, we introduce 4-aminobenzylphosphonic acid as a functional "2H-imprison" additive that selectively bypasses the formation of the 2H phase (an iodine-rich structure) and promotes the direct crystallization of the desired 3C phase, resulting in a homogeneous phase and halide distribution. Consequently, blade-coated 1.

Observation of the Very Rare Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} Decay.

The first observation of the Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} decay is reported with high significance using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A yield of 237±16  Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} decays is obtained, where the uncertainty is statistical only.

Observation of Antihelical Edge States in Acoustic Metamaterials.

As a hallmark of the quantum Hall effect, chiral edge modes (CEMs) counterpropagate along the two parallel edges of a ribbon structure. However, recent studies demonstrate counterintuitive anti-CEMs that copropagate along the parallel edges. Analogous to the established extension of the CEMs to helical edge modes (HEMs) in the quantum spin Hall effect, it is natural to extend the anti-CEMs to anti-HEMs, which comprise a pair of time-reversal-related anti-CEMs.

Momentum and angular momentum reciprocity theorems for acoustic wave fields in an inhomogeneous fluid medium.

As a fundamental property obeyed by all linear physical systems, reciprocity theorems describe the symmetrical relation between the source and the field. Based on the governing equations in the frequency domain for time-harmonic acoustic waves propagating in an inhomogeneous fluid medium, the momentum and angular momentum reciprocity theorems for acoustic waves are derived, which involve two additional mutual force and torque densities due to inhomogeneities of fluid density and compressibility, respectively. A comprehensive analogous study is developed between acoustic and electromagnetic equations, quantities, and operators.

Parity Metamaterials and Dynamic Acoustic Mimicry.

While parity transformation represents a fundamental symmetry operation in physics, its implications remain underexplored in metamaterial science. Here, we introduce a framework leveraging parity transformation to construct parity-inverted counterparts of arbitrary 3-dimensional meta-atoms, enabling the creation of parity-engineered metamaterial slabs. We demonstrate that the synergy between reciprocity and parity transformation, distinct from mirror operation, guarantees undistorted wave transmission across exceptional bandwidths, independent of structural configuration or meta-atom design specifics.

A Review of Strategies to Improve the Electrocatalytic Performance of Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Hydrogen, as a renewable and clean energy with a high energy density, is of great significance to the realization of carbon neutrality. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by splitting water, with a focus on developing efficient electrocatalysts that can perform the HER at an overpotential with minimal power consumption. Tungsten oxide (WO), a non-noble-metal-based material, has great potential in hydrogen evolution due to its excellent redox capability, low cost, and high stability.

A Strain-Compensated InGaAs/InGaSb Type-II Superlattice Grown on InAs Substrates for Long-Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors.

In this paper, the first demonstration of a highly strained InGaAs/InGaSb type-II superlattice structure grown on InAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for long-wavelength infrared detection was reported. Novel methodologies were developed to optimize the As and Sb flux growth conditions. The quality of the epitaxial layer was characterized using multiple analytical techniques, including differential interference contrast microscopy, atomic force microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.