Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome profiles reveals immune-metabolic alterations in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Background: Pulmonary sarcoidosis, a disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in lung parenchyma. This present study combines metabolomic and transcriptomic data to determine the metabolic and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated pathways in sarcoidosis patients as compared to healthy controls. It is envisioned that a better understanding of the underlying mechanism will help in diagnosis and future treatment strategies.

MMP2/TIMP2 ratio as a measurable indicator for differentiating diffuse adenomyosis, ovarian endometriosis, and their co-existence.

Adenomyosis and endometriosis, two common estrogen-dependent benign gynecological disorders usually present with overlapping symptoms, such as pain and infertility. These two conditions often co-exist and are associated with poor reproductive outcome. Both adenomyosis and endometriosis are associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs).

Deciphering genetic overlaps between pulmonary tuberculosis and GERD for drug target discovery: A structural bioinformatics perspective.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are clinically distinct but may share common molecular mechanisms. This study used integrative bioinformatics to identify 23 significantly dysregulated genes common to both conditions. Key regulatory microRNAs (hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7g-5p) and macrophage-associated pathways were implicated.

Engineered Microbubbles for Breast Cancer Imaging and Therapy: From Material Innovation to Clinical Translation.

Breast cancer remains a major global health concern, demanding advancements in the detection and treatment modalities. Conventional methods like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, etc., while effective, have inherent limitations.

A Biomimetic Titanium Scaffold With and Without Magnesium Filled for Adjustable Patient-Specific Elastic Modulus.

This study focuses on determining the effective Young's modulus (stiffness) of various lattice structures for titanium scaffolds filled with magnesium and without magnesium. For a specific patient implant the success depends on adequate elastic modulus, which helps proper osteointegration. The Mg-filled portion in the Ti scaffold is expected to dissolve with time as the bone growth through the Ti scaffold porous cavity begins.

Immunological and wound healing properties of keratin and its conformational variants extracted from ethically derived bio-resources.

Keratin is an insoluble filamentous sulphur-rich protein constituting the bulk of epidermal appendages, such as hair, chicken feathers, nails, and claws. Being ubiquitously present, keratin's efficacy has been extensively evaluated for different tissue engineering applications. However, to date, no systematic study has investigated and compared two conformationally different keratins sourced from human hair and chicken feathers.

Immunization with glutamine synthetase-deficient live attenuated parasites induces the differentiation of memory T cells to protect hosts from virulent infection of Leishmania donovani.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major threat to economically challenged sectors of the world, and there are only limited options in vaccines available at present. Vaccination using live attenuated strains is preferred for their retention of true antigens, however, the major concern about these vaccines is raised by their ability to protect from virulent challenge at the early time point and also bearing the risk of a potential outbreak of their own. In this study, we reported a metabolically deficient glutamine synthetase double knock-out live attenuated strain of Leishmania donovani (LdGS) that, with a very low inoculum single dose, is highly effective in generating an IFN-γ Th1-mediated immunity during virulent challenge as early as 2 weeks post-challenge time point.

Dynamic forces drive cell and organ morphology changes during embryonic development.

Cells, tissues, and organs must change shape in precise ways during embryonic development to execute their functions. Multiple mechanisms including biochemical signaling pathways and biophysical forces help drive these morphology changes, but it has been difficult to tease apart their contributions, especially from tissue-scale dynamic forces that are typically ignored. We use a combination of mathematical models and in vivo experiments to study a simple organ in the zebrafish embryo called Kupffer's vesicle (KV).

Root exudates of Withania somnifera prevent the risk of transmission of soil-dwelling Enterobacterales to nearby plants.

Soil-dwelling enteric pathogens are indicators of sewage or fecal matter contamination. When such organisms enter agricultural fields, they colonize crops and cause pre-harvest contamination of food products. Consumption of such contaminated products can lead to disease outbreaks.

Exploring Xanthan Gum as a Plasticizer in Silk Fibroin/Gelatin Films: Toward Self-Assemblies, Robust, and Cytocompatible Structures.

Protein-based films resemble the ECM matrix and facilitate tissue regeneration, which makes them suitable polymers for biomedical applications. However, they often lack flexibility, which reduces their utility. The addition of plasticizers reduces the molecular interactions responsible for brittleness of these biopolymers, thereby rendering them flexible.

AI-driven analysis by identifying risk factors of VL relapse in HIV co-infected patients.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-Azar, poses a significant global public health challenge and is a neglected disease, with relapses and treatment failures leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study introduces an explainable machine learning approach to predict VL relapse and identify critical risk factors, thereby aiding patient monitoring and treatment strategies. Leveraging data from a follow-up study of 571 patients, the survival machine learning models are applied, including Random Survival Forest (RSF), Survival Support Vector Machine (SSVM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), for relapse prediction.

Photoresponsive Carbon Dots Decorated with Nitric Oxide Donors: Synergistic Antiparasitic Action via NO Release and Oxidative Stress.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by (), is a lethal vector-borne disease if untreated. Antimonial drugs, once effective due to their ROS-generating ability, are now largely ineffective due to rising antimony resistance in species, accentuating the urgent need for appropriate therapies. Here, we developed nanocarbon dots decorated with a flutamide-based nitric oxide donor (), which, upon visible light activation, simultaneously generates singlet oxygen (O) and nitric oxide (NO).

FFLUNet: Feature Fused Lightweight UNet for brain tumor segmentation.

Brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma multiforme, are considered one of the most threatening types of tumors in neuro-oncology. Segmenting brain tumors is a crucial part of medical imaging. It plays a key role in diagnosing conditions, planning treatments, and keeping track of patients' progress.

Sodium-Entrapped Carbon Nanodots from Silk Wastewater for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthcare Settings.

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a threat to the healthcare industry due to prolonged hospitalization triggering morbidity, mortality affecting healthcare cost, and resource utilization. There is a continuous impulse to innovate strategies and technologies to prevent HAI. Proper hospital disinfection strategies are clinically pertinent for substantially mitigating the risk of HAIs.

4'--Cholesterol/Pyridyl-2'--Methyl Uridine-Functionalized siRNA Enhances Stability and Carrier-Free Gene Silencing.

Chemical modifications and targeted delivery through the conjugation of small molecules have transformed the potential of siRNA-based therapeutics. These advancements address key challenges, such as poor cellular uptake, low bioavailability, and limited metabolic stability, making siRNA delivery more efficient and clinically viable. Cholesterol-conjugated siRNA enables cellular uptake through lipoprotein pathways without transfection agents.

Integrative approaches to network pharmacology studies in wound healing and bone fracture recovery: A comprehensive review.

This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate processes involved in wound healing and bone fracture recovery, delving into the phases and cellular activities that underlie these critical physiological events. The integration of network pharmacology and traditional medicine approaches in the context of wound healing and bone fracture is thoroughly examined, highlighting the potential synergies between modern scientific methodologies and age-old remedies. The Research methodology for network pharmacology studies is meticulously outlined, encompassing data mining, target identification, network construction and analysis, and validation techniques.

Scrutinized lipid utilization disrupts Amphotericin-B responsiveness in clinical isolates of .

The management of (LD), responsible for fatal visceral leishmaniasis (VL), faces increasing challenges due to rising drug unresponsiveness, leading to increasing treatment failures. While hypolipidemia characterizes VL, LD, a cholesterol auxotroph, relies on host lipid scavenging for its intracellular survival. The aggressive pathology, in terms of increased organ parasite load, observed in hosts infected with antimony-unresponsive-LD (LD-R) as compared to their sensitive counterparts (LD-S), highlights LD-R's heightened reliance on host lipids.

Calcium Phosphate Apatite Filament Co-Wrapped With Perforated Electrospun Sheet of Phosphorylated Chitosan-A Bioinspired Approach Toward Bone Graft Substitute.

Bioinspired bone graft substitutes hold incredible opportunities in tissue engineering, potentiating the healing aspect. Here we have fabricated stacks of glutaraldehyde-genipin crosslinked, microporous nanofibrous N-methyl phosphonic chitosan sheets (NMPC) with impregnated eggshell-derived CaP fibers to mimic osteonal architecture. This composite 3D rolled eggshell-derived calcium phosphate (ESCAP) scaffold (RCS), with density and modulus variation from the center to the periphery, has superior mechanical strength.

Replication stress response and radioresistance in lung cancer: Mechanistic insights and advanced therapeutic approaches.

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, comprises mainly non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Its pathogenesis involves genetic mutations, environmental exposures, chronic inflammation, and tumor microenvironment interactions. Critical genes like TP53, RB1, KRAS, and EGFR often mutate, driving uncontrolled cell growth.

PSMC2 upregulation enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma via activating AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin axis.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, remains one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat cancers, emphasizing the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. The dysregulation of the unfolded protein response, particularly involving the proteasomal pathway, contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of GBM. Proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2 (PSMC2) has recently been identified as a potential factor in carcinogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear.

Mussel-inspired surface-engineering of 3D printed scaffolds employing bedecked transition metal for accelerated bone tissue regeneration.

In modern civilization with fast work culture and uncontrolled lifestyles increase bone-related problems, moreover, lack of auto-regeneration of bone, indulge to formulate a suitable methodology to get rid of this problem. In this article, nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) decorated hierarchical titanium phosphate (TP) was synthesized by solvothermal process and incorporated into newly synthesized tartaric acid-based polyurethane (PU) through in situ technique. The porous 3D scaffold was fabricated by most advanced 3D printing technique with desired porous structure in a controlled manner.

Targeting friend leukemia integration 1: A promising approach for prevention and treatment of solid tumors.

Friend leukemia integration 1 (FLI1) is an ETS transcription factor first identified in erythroleukemia. This protein contributes to various cellular functions such as cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc. FLI1 is also known to be involved in tumorigenesis.

Probing Shear-Induced Endothelial Activation in Vascular Conditions Using On-Chip Models.

Hemodynamic fluctuations at vessel bifurcation impact the development of atherosclerosis and aneurysms. A novel glass capillary tube-based lithography-free technique was used for fabricating vessel bifurcations with stenosis and aneurysm at the junction of bifurcation to determine the endothelial response to arterial shear rates in vitro. At variable shear rates of 1-2000 s, representative of conditions in the aorta, the endothelial cell responses under flow disturbances encountered in stenosed and aneurysmal vessels were modeled.

Enhancing the predictive capability of magnetic resonance imaging using medical data-supervised cardiovascular flow simulations: A case study for analyzing patient-specific flow in the human aorta.

Background: Detailed hemodynamic parameters are essential for managing cardiovascular diseases, as they reveal blood flow dynamics that affect disease progression and treatment. However, even such advanced techniques as 4D Phase Contrast MRI face challenges in providing accurate, high-resolution data due to limitations in spatial and temporal resolution and image artifacts. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can estimate these parameters theoretically, but patient-specific accuracy may be compromised due to assumptions in boundary conditions and material properties.