Recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated heterocycles and a review of recent FDA-approved fluorinated drugs.

Since the inception of artificial drugs and agrochemicals in human society, the presence of a heterocyclic framework in the drug dominates and this could be due to the inspiration of many heterocyclic compounds from nature with significant and diverse biological activity, which are useful for alleviating different diseases. Furthermore, in recent decades, fluorinated compounds have emerged as a prominent and rapidly growing class, securing a vital role in the research and development of new drugs. This could be attributed to the significant inherent properties of the fluorine atom, which, in many cases, solve the problems related to the metabolic stability of drugs, enhance their lipophilicity, and change the p value in favor of drugs.

Sodium-Entrapped Carbon Nanodots from Silk Wastewater for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Healthcare Settings.

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a threat to the healthcare industry due to prolonged hospitalization triggering morbidity, mortality affecting healthcare cost, and resource utilization. There is a continuous impulse to innovate strategies and technologies to prevent HAI. Proper hospital disinfection strategies are clinically pertinent for substantially mitigating the risk of HAIs.

The pathophysiology of hemophagocytic lympho-histiocytosis (HLH) syndrome and insights from animal models.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by an aberrant immune response against host tissues. It can arise from diverse triggers like infection, inflammation, malignancy, genetic defects, or therapy-related factors. Cytokine storm, capillary leak syndrome, cytokine release syndrome, and macrophage activation syndrome are the different faces of this chimera, and each of them displays significant clinical variability associated with high mortality.

Endocrine dysfunction in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction in patients with JIA and identify potential contributory factors for growth and sexual development.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between July 2021 to January 2023, recruited 107 children of JIA fulfilling the revised ILAR classification criteria with disease duration > 6 months, attending Rheumatology department in KGMU, India. Demographic, clinical (anthropometric), and serological (including hormonal) evaluations were assessed at baseline.

Social and environmental predictors of gut microbiome age in wild baboons.

Mammalian gut microbiomes are highly dynamic communities that shape and are shaped by host aging, including age-related changes to host immunity, metabolism, and behavior. As such, gut microbial composition may provide valuable information on host biological age. Here, we test this idea by creating a microbiome-based age predictor using 13,563 gut microbial profiles from 479 wild baboons collected over 14 years.

Study on the Bioactivity Response of the Newly Developed Zn-Cu-Mn/Mg Alloys for Biodegradable Implant Application.

Scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering to support the defect area through bone regeneration and defect reconstruction. Promising tissue regeneration without negative repercussions and avoidance of the lifelong presence inside the body make bioresorbable metals prosper in the field of regenerative medicine. Recently, Zn and its alloys have emerged as promising biodegradable materials for their moderate degradation rate and satisfactory biocompatibility.

Social and environmental predictors of gut microbiome age in wild baboons.

Mammalian gut microbiomes are highly dynamic communities that shape and are shaped by host aging, including age-related changes to host immunity, metabolism, and behavior. As such, gut microbial composition may provide valuable information on host biological age. Here we test this idea by creating a microbiome-based age predictor using 13,563 gut microbial profiles from 479 wild baboons collected over 14 years.

, and Evaluation of the Antihyperglycaemic, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of L. Leaf Extract.

Research Background: L. is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Since the scientific evidence and mechanism of action have not yet been extensively investigated, this study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and cytotoxic effects together with the optimisation and development of a scale-up process design for higher yields of bioactive phytocompounds from

Experimental Approach: The study was conducted to predict the binding affinity of phytocompounds of for α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes with pharmacokinetic assessment.

Feasibility Insights of the Green-Assisted Calcium-Phosphate Coating on Biodegradable Zinc Alloys for Biomedical Application: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

In the field of bone tissue engineering, recently developed Zn alloy scaffolds are considered potential candidates for biodegradable implants for bone regeneration and defect reconstruction. However, the clinical success of these alloys is limited due to their insufficient surface bioactivities. Further, the higher concentration of Zn produced during degradation promotes antibacterial activity, but deteriorates osteogenic properties.

Electrophoretic Deposition of 58S Bioactive Glass- Polymer Composite Coatings on 316L Stainless Steel: An Optimization for Corrosion, Bioactivity, and Cytocompatibility.

This study presents a facile fabrication of 58S bioactive glass (BG)-polymer composite coatings on a 316L stainless steel (SS) substrate using the electrophoretic deposition technique. The suspension characteristics and deposition kinetics of BG, along with three different polymers, namely ethylcellulose (EC), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), have been utilized to fabricate the coatings. Among all coatings, 58S BG and EC polymers are selected as the final composite coating (EC6) owing to their homogeneity and good adhesion.

Assessment of chitosan-coated zinc cobalt ferrite nanoparticle as a multifunctional theranostic platform facilitating pH-sensitive drug delivery and OCT image contrast enhancement.

Colorectal cancer (CC) is one of the most predominant malignancies in the world, with the current treatment regimen consisting of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), have gained popularity as first-line antineoplastic agents against CC but have several drawbacks, including variable absorption through the gastrointestinal tract, inconsistent liver metabolism, short half-life, toxicological reactions in several organ systems, and others. Therefore, herein, we develop chitosan-coated zinc-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CZCFNPs) for the pH-sensitive (triggered by chitosan degradation within acidic organelles of cells) and sustained delivery of 5-FU in CC cells in vitro.

Generalized Bayes approach to inverse problems with model misspecification.

We propose a general framework for obtaining probabilistic solutions to PDE-based inverse problems. Bayesian methods are attractive for uncertainty quantification but assume knowledge of the likelihood model or data generation process. This assumption is difficult to justify in many inverse problems, where the specification of the data generation process is not obvious.

Iodine functionalized 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran (DHFI) crosslinked whey protein-derived carbon nanodots (WCND) for antibacterial application.

Whey protein-derived carbon nanodots (WCND) were synthesized using the microwave irradiation method, and its amine-rich surface functionality was crosslinked with covalently bound Iodine functionalized 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran (DHFI) to produce WCND-DHFI. The physicochemical characterization of both WCND and WCND-DHFI was performed and compared to comprehend the consequence of iodination on the characteristics of WCND. The suitability of CND in biological environments was evaluated through in vitro cytocompatibility and Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay, as well as a hemocompatibility study.

Alzheimer's Disease Protein Relevance Analysis Using Human and Mouse Model Proteomics Data.

The principles governing genotype-phenotype relationships are still emerging(1-3), and detailed translational as well as transcriptomic information is required to understand complex phenotypes, such as the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. For this reason, the proteomics of Alzheimer disease (AD) continues to be studied extensively. Although comparisons between data obtained from humans and mouse models have been reported, approaches that specifically address the between-species statistical comparisons are understudied.

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotheranostics: Special Focus on Preventing Emerging Variants of SARS-COV-2.

The worldwide emerging cases of various respiratory viral diseases and the current escalation of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) make people considerably attentive to controlling these viruses through innovative methods. Most re-emerging respiratory diseases envelop RNA viruses that employ attachment between the virus and host cell to get an entry form using the host cell machinery. Emerging variants of COVD-19 also bring about a constant threat to public health as it has wide infectivity and can quickly spread to infect humans.

Universal gut microbial relationships in the gut microbiome of wild baboons.

Ecological relationships between bacteria mediate the services that gut microbiomes provide to their hosts. Knowing the overall direction and strength of these relationships is essential to learn how ecology scales up to affect microbiome assembly, dynamics, and host health. However, whether bacterial relationships are generalizable across hosts or personalized to individual hosts is debated.

Optic nerve sheath diameter measurements using ultrasonography to diagnose raised intracranial pressure in preeclampsia: an observational study.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) as evident by enlarged optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by ocular ultrasound among patients with preeclampsia and its relationship to severity of disease.

Material And Methods: Sixty pregnant mothers with preeclampsia were compared to 30 normotensive, uncomplicated pregnant controls. For ONSD measurement, a 7-MHZ linear probe was used and three values from each optic nerve were taken and the mean of six values of both eyes was recorded.

Identifying Risk Factors for Blindness From Glaucoma at First Presentation to a Tertiary Clinic.

Purpose: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, a crippling disability resulting in higher risks of chronic health conditions. To better understand disparities in blindness risk, we identified risk factors of blindness on first presentation to a glaucoma clinic using a large clinical database.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rheumatology trainees: an online survey.

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the training of rheumatology trainees. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey-based questionnaire sent to rheumatology trainees in India. Rheumatology trainees from India, including DM/DNB residents and fellows, were included.

Exploration of stochastic dynamics and complexity in an epidemic system.

We investigate the effect of noise in an epidemic system. We have studied dynamics and complexity for both the deterministic and its noise-induced model. We have verified the stochastic sensitivity under the variation of noise strength and changing the initial conditions of the noise-induced system.

The accuracy of absolute differential abundance analysis from relative count data.

Concerns have been raised about the use of relative abundance data derived from next generation sequencing as a proxy for absolute abundances. For example, in the differential abundance setting, compositional effects in relative abundance data may give rise to spurious differences (false positives) when considered from the absolute perspective. In practice however, relative abundances are often transformed by renormalization strategies intended to compensate for these effects and the scope of the practical problem remains unclear.