Advanced extraction techniques and functional applications of millet-derived nutrients: a review.

Unlabelled: Millets, also known as Nutri-cereals, are a traditional food source in many countries. They are comprised of essential nutritional elements, including carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and various phytochemical compounds required for healthy longevity. Because of their low glycemic index and gluten-free status, millets suit various dietary requirements.

Emerging trends and Innovative strategies for the diagnosis of Leishmaniasis: A Quantum Leap from Classical to Modern Era.

The genus Leishmania comprises a distinct group of species that exhibit distinct clinical features. Interestingly, this clinical variability frequently overlaps or intersects resulting in symptoms that don't follow typical patterns and often resemble those of unrelated diseases. Diagnosing leishmaniasis is challenging as current techniques exhibit several lacunae including cross-reactivity with other protozoal species, inability to discriminate between species, along with differential sensitivity and specificity.

Participation of host cell proteins in inclusion bodies of non-segmented RNA virus infected cells: a molecular insight.

Negative-sense RNA viruses (NSVs) carrying a non-segmented genome encompass a broad group of viruses responsible for numerous human diseases such as rabies, mumps, measles, respiratory illness and encephalitis. Viruses replicate intracellular and interact with various host proteins to evade the immune response and persist within the host. A salient trait of NSVs is their ability to form cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs) which are believed to serve as pivotal sites for viral replication.

Profiling HIV1-host protein-protein interaction networks in patient-derived exosome proteins: impact on pathophysiology and innate immune pathways.

Objectives: The objective of this research is to investigate the pathophysiological progression of HIV from acute infection to chronic immunodeficiency (AIDS) and to understand the host's immunological responses, which are pivotal for elucidating disease aetiology and optimizing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Additionally, the study aims to explore the role of exosomes (40-130 nm bilipid-layered vesicles released by nearly all cell types) as key mediators of intercellular communication in the context of HIV infection.

Materials And Methods: Recent research has uncovered that cells infected with HIV-1 release exosomes carrying a mix of viral and host components such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other metabolites.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis methyltransferases as alternative strategies to combat drug resistant tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a health concern resulting in 10.8 million cases every year. In 2024, TB had the highest fatalities second only to COVID-19.

Amelioration of Ulcerative Colitis in BALB/c Mice by Probiotic-Fermented Juice.

has been used traditionally in folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Fermentation using probiotics is well established to positively modulate the GI system. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of probiotic-fermented juice for ulcerative colitis (UC), using a mouse model.

Design, synthesis and biological activity of peptidyl β-nitrostyrenes as cysteine protease inhibitors against .

Cysteine proteases are essential for the survival of parasites that cause several clinical forms of leishmaniases. Inhibiting cysteine protease can be a promising strategy against parasitic diseases because of their essential functions in the life cycles of these pathogens. The aim of the present study was to synthesize and evaluate peptidyl -nitrostyrenes as antipromastigote inhibitors against promastigotes.

Design and Synthesis of Benzimidazole Carboxamide Cysteine Protease Inhibitors as Promising Anti-leishmanial Agents.

Introduction: More than 20 protozoan species of Leishmania are responsible for causing Leishmaniasis, an infection spread by blood-feeding phlebotomine sandflies. A narrow pool of drugs is currently available rendering the current drug stratagem to treat this infection . Development of novel, less toxic, and more effective regimens is thus a need of the hour.

Peripherally-restricted recurrent infection by engineered E. coli strain modulates hippocampal proteome promoting memory impairments in a rat model.

Commensal bacteria that breach endothelial barrier has been reported to induce low grade chronic inflammation producing disease symptoms in major peripheral tissues. In this study, we investigated the role of genetically modified cellular invasive form of commensal E. coli K12 (SK3842) in cognitive impairment.

Structural inscrutabilities of Histone (H2BK123) monoubiquitination: A systematic review.

Histone H2B monoubiquitination in budding yeast is a highly conserved post-translational modification. It is involved in normal functions of the cells like DNA Repair, RNA Pol II activation, trans-histone H3K and H79K methylation, meiosis, vesicle budding, etc. Deregulation of H2BK123ub can lead to the activation of proto-oncogenes and is also linked to neurodegenerative and heart diseases.

Identification of novel biomarkers and potential molecular targets for uterine cancer using network-based approach.

A better understanding of incidences at the cellular level in uterine cancer is necessary for its effective treatment and favourable prognosis. Till date, it lacks appropriate molecular target-based treatment because of unknown molecular mechanisms that proceed to cancer and no drug has shown the required results of treatment with less severe side effects. Uterine Cancer is one of the top five cancer diagnoses and among the ten most common death-causing cancer in the United States of America.

Screening of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and their associated hub targets across Hepatocellular carcinoma using survival-based bioinformatics approach.

Background: The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incident rate is gradually increasing yearly despite all the research and efforts taken by scientific communities and governing bodies. Approximately 90% of all liver cancer cases belong to HCC. Usually, HCC patients approach the treatment in the late stages of this malignancy which becomes the primary cause of high mortality rate.

Activation of the lysosomal damage response and selective autophagy: the coordinated actions of galectins, TRIM proteins, and CGAS-STING1 in providing immunity against .

Autophagy is a crucial immune defense mechanism that controls the survival and pathogenesis of by maintaining cell physiology during stress and pathogen attack. The E3-Ub ligases (PRKN, SMURF1, and NEDD4) and autophagy receptors (SQSTM1, TAX1BP1, CALCOCO2, OPTN, and NBR1) play key roles in this process. Galectins (LGALSs), which bind to sugars and are involved in identifying damaged cell membranes caused by intracellular pathogens such as , are essential.

Identification and characterization of repurposed small molecule inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) as anti-mycobacterials.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) caseinolytic protease B (ClpB) is a chaperone possessing a unique ability to resolubilize the aggregated proteins in vivo. ClpB has been shown to be important for the survival of Mtb within the host. Thus, it appears to be a promising target to develop new therapeutic molecules against tuberculosis.

Mutation of conserved histidine residues of dengue virus envelope protein impairs viral like particle maturation and secretion.

Dengue virus (DENV) envelope protein plays crucial role in virus entry and maturation of virus during infection. Maturation of DENV occurs in the trans Golgi network at slightly acidic pH which is close to pKa of histidine. When exposed to the acidic environment of the late secretory pathway, dengue virus particles go through a significant conformational change, whereby interactions of structural proteins envelope (E) and prM proteins are reorganised and enable furin protease to cleave prM resulting in mature virus.

Antiviral Potential of Traditional Unani Medicine with Special Emphasis on Dengue: A Review.

Dengue fever has become a major public health concern. It is usually related to intravascular leaking, bleeding disorders, and thrombocytopenia and is recognized as a potent threat to humans. The scarcity of anti-dengue medication or vaccine for such a serious disease leads to an upsurge in the usage of traditional medicines for its proper management.

Antimony resistance and gene expression in : spotlight on molecular and proteomic aspects.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by parasites with a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from skin lesions to severe visceral complications. Treatment of this infection has been extremely challenging with the concurrent emergence of drug resistance. The differential gene expression and the discrepancies in protein functions contribute to the appearance of 2 distinct phenotypes: resistant and sensitive, but the current diagnostic tools fail to differentiate between them.

Neuroprotective effect of ropinirole against Aβ -induced neurochemical perturbations and cognitive impairments in a rodent model.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of ropinirole (ROP) medication given for an extended period following the induction of cognitive decline, oxidative stress, and deterioration of mitochondria in a Wistar rat model by Aβ . This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective efficacy of ROP in a stereotaxis model of AD. The Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups.

Intranasal inorganic cerium oxide nanoparticles ameliorate oxidative stress induced motor manifestations in haloperidol-induced parkinsonism.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs), owing to their radical scavenging property, have recently emerged as a therapeutic candidate for oxidative stress-mediated neurological diseases. However, oral and intravenous administration of CONPs is limited due to their poor physicochemical characteristics, low bioavailability, rapid systemic clearance, poor blood-brain penetration and dose-dependent toxicity. To overcome these challenges, we developed intranasal CONPs and evaluated their potential in the experimental PD model.

GUD-VE visualization tool for physicochemical properties of proteins.

The physicochemical properties of primary sequences of proteins helps in determining both the structure and biological functions. The sequence analysis of the proteins and nucleic acids is most fundamental element of bioinformatics. Without these elements, it is impossible to gain insight deeper molecular and biochemical mechanisms.

Role of non-coding RNAs against salinity stress in Oryza species: Strategies and challenges in analyzing miRNAs, tRFs and circRNAs.

Salinity is an imbalanced concentration of mineral salts in the soil or water that causes yield loss in salt-sensitive crops. Rice plant is vulnerable to soil salinity stress at seedling and reproductive stages. Different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate different sets of genes during different developmental stages under varying salinity tolerance levels.

Exploring Edible Mushrooms for Diabetes: Unveiling Their Role in Prevention and Treatment.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex illness in which the body does not create enough insulin to control blood glucose levels. Worldwide, this disease is life-threatening and requires low-cost, side-effect-free medicine. Due to adverse effects, many synthetic hypoglycemic medications for diabetes fail.

Trends in millet and pseudomillet proteins - Characterization, processing and food applications.

Millets are small-seeded crops which have been well adopted globally owing to their high concentration of macro and micronutrients such as protein, dietary fibre, essential fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Considering their climate resilience and potential role in nutritional and health security, the year 2023 has been declared as 'International Year of Millets' by the United Nations. Cereals being the major nutrient vehicle for a majority population, and proteins being the second most abundant nutrient in millets, these grains can be a suitable alternative for plant-based proteins.

RGB colorimetric method based detection of oxytocin in food samples using cysteamine functionalized gold nanoparticles.

In the present investigation, a colorimetric method has been demonstrated for detection of oxytocin using Cysteamine functionalized gold nanoparticles (Cys-AuNP). The analyte oxytocin which finds its use in medical field is purposefully injected in fruits and vegetables for their faster growth. Also, it is used in the milk letdown in cattles.