A 3D-printed cassette coupled with a paper-based aptasensor for advanced diagnosis of chikungunya virus towards commercialization.

Electrochemical sensors have attracted significant attention because of their vital role in the early identification of infectious diseases, indicating their usefulness in various diagnostic applications. Here, the present study reports the development of paper-based electrochemical aptasensors integrated into a 3D printed cassette for chikungunya virus detection at the point of care. The sensor is functionalised with a highly specific aptamer and employs silver nanoparticles to enhance electrochemical sensitivity.

Neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effect of trimetazidine in a PTZ-kindling model of mice through modulation of the IL-1β/IL-1R1 and HMGB-1/TLR-4 axis.

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic and complex brain disorder characterized by frequent seizures, cognitive impairments, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and imbalances in neurotransmitters. Developing an effective therapeutic intervention to target these pathological interventions remains a challenge. Trimetazidine (TMZ), the most commonly known anti-ischemic agent, has emerged as a promising candidate for its role in epilepsy due to its diverse mechanisms of action.

Exploring the multilayered response of TB bacterium Mycobacterial tuberculosis to lysosomal injury.

Mtb subverts host immune surveillance by damaging phagolysosomal membranes, exploiting them as replication niches. In response, host cells initiate a coordinated LDR, integrating membrane repair, selective autophagy, and de novo biogenesis. This review delineates a systems-level model of lysosomal quality control governed by three critical regulatory axes: LGALS3/8/9, TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligases, and the AMPK-TFEB signaling pathway.

Apoptosis-targeting BH3 mimetics: transforming treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a challenging haematological malignancy, with most patients developing resistance to standard-of-care (SOC) treatments. This resistance is often attributed to the overexpression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, which regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by inhibiting pro-apoptotic effector proteins such as BAX and BAK. AML cells exploit this imbalance to evade apoptosis and sustain survival, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Chemically-induced histopathological progression in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)- A review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-gynecological disorder, affecting 4-10% of women of reproductive age. Although a fragment of the involved mechanism behind the PCOS occurrence is discovered, the exact etiology and pathophysiology are not completely understood yet. The pathogenesis of the disease involves several genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, as well as poor lifestyle.

The interplay between circadian rhythms and aging: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Circadian rhythms are essential biological systems operating on a 24-h cycle, playing a crucial role in regulating sleep, cognitive function, immune responses, and hormone secretion. This review explores the intricate relationship between circadian rhythms and aging, with a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. It discusses age-related changes in sleep patterns and the role of circadian disruption in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

Analysis of an alternatively spliced variant of mouse Pklr gene encoding a novel isoform with distinct N-terminal.

Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP in glycolysis and plays a role in regulating cell metabolism. Mammalian pyruvate kinase functions as a tetrameric protein composed of identical subunits, which adopt a dimer-of-dimers configuration. Each monomer features a single active site and consists of three primary domains designated A, B and C, and a small N-terminal domain.

Mitochondrial health and redox imbalance in the context of learning and memory in post-subarachnoid haemorrhage: therapeutic strategies for recovery.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage constitutes 5-10% of all strokes and is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke that imposes a significant financial burden on medical care because it often affects younger people and has a high mortality rate with few treatment choices and poor patient outcomes. Preventing rebleeding, treating SAH patients as soon as possible, and preventing delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are important objectives during early brain injury (EBI) or first 72 hrs. Cerebral vasospasm and DCI continue to be issues despite surgical advances, particularly in older patients.

Inhibition of Growth and Survival of Head and Neck Cancer Cells by Silibinin Involves the Down-Regulation of Erk1/2, AKT and STAT3 Signaling.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent and fatal cancers in India. Silibinin, a naturally occurring small molecule from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is gaining attention as a potent anticancer agent against various cancers; however, its impact on HNSCC and the associated molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. We checked the effect of silibinin on proliferation, cell viability, and DNA damage in HNSCC cells, and employed immunoblotting to detect the underlined molecular mechanism.

Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2 (BBWV-2) from.

Small RNA deep sequencing (sRNA-seq) is a powerful tool for detecting known and novel plant viruses by analyzing virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs). In this study, the complete genome of Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2 (BBWV-2) was recovered from leaf samples using sRNA-seq, followed by bioinformatics analysis. The Genome Detective Tool, an online bioinformatics platform, identified both RNA1 (5.

Phospholipase C activator 3m3FBS reverses the synergistic toxicity of arsenic and cadmium.

Background: Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) frequently co-occur in environmental exposures and are among the top ten toxic substances of concern. While the individual toxicity of these metals is well established, their interactive effects remain poorly understood. This study investigates the toxicological interactions among As, Cd, and Pb, with a focus on calcium (Ca²⁺)-mediated signaling mechanisms.

In-vitro assessment of anti-breast cancer potential of pumpkin seed oil nanoemulsion with mechanistic insights into cytotoxicity and apoptosis.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women with 16% of all cancer deaths and current therapies frequently resulting in significant adverse consequences. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) possesses antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and anticancer effects. Nonetheless, its hydrophobic characteristics restrict bioavailability, which can be enhanced by a nanoemulsion system.

Profiling HIV1-host protein-protein interaction networks in patient-derived exosome proteins: impact on pathophysiology and innate immune pathways.

Objectives: The objective of this research is to investigate the pathophysiological progression of HIV from acute infection to chronic immunodeficiency (AIDS) and to understand the host's immunological responses, which are pivotal for elucidating disease aetiology and optimizing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Additionally, the study aims to explore the role of exosomes (40-130 nm bilipid-layered vesicles released by nearly all cell types) as key mediators of intercellular communication in the context of HIV infection.

Materials And Methods: Recent research has uncovered that cells infected with HIV-1 release exosomes carrying a mix of viral and host components such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other metabolites.

Structure and mechanism basis of β-lactam activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A review of literature.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has resulted in the highest mortality rates, even surpassing HIV/AIDS. The rise of Drug-resistant TB has worsened the health crisis and urgently requires new treatment approaches. The WHO has approved the repurposing of β-lactam in combination with β-lactamase (BlaC) inhibitor for treating MDR/XDR-TB.

Phenoconversion and phenotyping of hepatic cytochrome P450: Implications in predictive precision medicine and personalized therapy.

Drug dose efficacy/toxicity depends on a number of factors including genetic and nongenetic factors, a pre-existing disease, and coadministration of other substances and drugs. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) proteins play a crucial role in drug metabolism where they catalyse a number of Phase I oxidation reactions. Concurrently administered drugs and substances, besides the CYP genotype are crucial and can induce/inhibit the CYP activity, thus affecting drug biotransformation and its bioavailability, compromising with drug efficacy, or even causing toxicity due to slow metabolism.

Phagosomal escape and sabotage: The role of ESX-1 and PDIMs in pathogenesis.

() employs diverse virulence factors to evade immune defenses and persist intracellularly. The ESAT-6 secretion system-1 (ESX-1) type VII secretion system (T7SS) releases EsxA, EspA, and EspB, inducing phagosomal rupture and cytosolic access while triggering host defenses, including galectin recruitment and stress granule formation. To counteract host responses, utilizes phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) to inhibit autophagy and LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) by suppressing NADPH oxidase (NOX2) recruitment and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Resilience to stress and antibiotics, coupled with immunomodulatory behavior, uncovers Mycobacterium indicus pranii as a suitable surrogate model for tuberculosis research.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) exhibits remarkable adaptability and persistence within host micro-environments, making tuberculosis a persistent global health challenge. Finding safe and relevant model organisms to study M.

Neuroinflammation and metabolic dysregulation as predictors of cognitive impairment, depression, and quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on SGLT2 inhibitors and sulfonylureas.

Background: Cognitive impairment, depression, and a lower quality of life (QoL) are among the metabolic and neuropsychiatric consequences linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pharmacological management of T2DM often involves sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and sulfonylureas (SUs), both of which have been shown to influence metabolic control and inflammation. However, their differential effects on neuroinflammatory markers and neuropsychiatric outcomes remain poorly understood.

Engineering an Agro-Infectious Apple Stem Grooving Virus Clone for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in Plants.

Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) is an important pathogen with a broad host range, infecting both monocot and dicot species, making it a promising candidate for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) applications in functional genomics. In this study, we developed an infectious cDNA clone of an ASGV apple isolate and demonstrated its infectivity across 10 diverse plant species from families' including Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Amaranthaceae. The clone also successfully infected woody hosts such as Citrus limon and Malus domestica, and resulted in systemic infection through back-inoculation in Cucumis sativus, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates.

BACE1 and endogenous Aβ: novel PRP complex in environment enrichment mediated behavioral tagging.

Behavioral Tagging (BT) is a well-established phenomenon under in vivo conditions to understand molecular framework of long-term memory (LTM) consolidation. BT has been extensively explored using different learning tasks and novelties at the behavioral level, while at the molecular level, handful of plasticity related proteins (PRPs) such as PKMζ, CREB, BDNF have been explored in various manners thereof. Hence, the quest for novel PRPs in BT becomes a necessity, since repeated studies of known PRPs results in scientific stagnation and cessation of further exploration.

Synthesis of benzenesulfonamide tethered pyrazolyl stilbene derivatives: Their anti-proliferative and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory potentials.

A series of twelve benzenesulfonamide tethered pyrazolyl stilbene derivatives (13a- l) were prepared by a two-step synthetic strategy involving the synthesis of dibenzalacetone via Claisen-Schmidt condensation, followed by the tandem one-pot reaction between dibenzalacetone and 4-hydrazine benzene sulphonamide in presence of catalytic iodine. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the NCI panel of 60 human cancer cell lines at a single dose of 10 μM. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds 13e and 13j have demonstrated promising anti-proliferative activity and were further subjected to a comprehensive five-dose assay across an NCI panel of 60 cancer cell lines.

miR-24-2 targets Akt and inhibits cell survival, EMT, and tumour growth in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an extremely aggressive subtype. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of miR-24-2 against TNBC.

Methods: MDA-MB-231 (TNBC), HEK293T and HEK293 cells were used for various assays including cell viability and proliferation, cell migration, and invasion.

Nose to brain delivery of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with rivastigmine and nilotinib for treating Alzheimer's disease: preparation, cell line study, and in vivo evaluation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative that affects over 55 million people worldwide, a number expected to double by 2050 due to aging populations. This growing prevalence imposes immense societal and economic burdens on healthcare systems and caregivers. AD is challenging to treat with monotherapy, making combination therapy a more effective approach.