Blue organic long-persistent luminescence via upconversion from charge-transfer to locally excited singlet state.

Long-persistent luminescence (LPL) materials have applications from safety signage to bioimaging; however, existing organic LPL (OLPL) systems do not align with human scotopic vision, which is sensitive to blue light. We present a strategy to blueshift the emissions in binary OLPL systems by upconverting the charge-transfer (CT) to a locally excited (LE) singlet state. Through rigorous steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and wavelength-resolved thermoluminescence measurements, we provide the direct experimental evidence for this upconversion in OLPL systems featuring small energy offsets between the lowest-energy CT and LE singlet states.

Transcriptomes of a fast-developing chordate uncover drastic differences in transcription factors and localized maternal RNA composition compared with those of ascidians.

The larvacean Oikopleura dioica is a fast-developing chordate because of its small number of cells (∼4500 in juveniles) and rapid development to complete morphogenesis by 10 h after fertilization. Strikingly, most of its blastomeres are restricted to give rise to a single cell-type by the 32-cell stage of embryogenesis, unlike cell fate determination at the 110-cell stage in ascidians. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed non-canonical properties of O.

Construction costs and tradeoffs in carnivorous pitcher plant leaves: towards a pitcher leaf economics spectrum.

Background: Leaf economics theory holds that physiological constraints to photosynthesis have a role in the coordinated evolution of multiple leaf traits, an idea that can be extended to carnivorous plants occupying a particular trait space that is constrained by key costs and benefits. Pitcher traps are modified leaves that may face steep photosynthetic costs: a high-volume, three-dimensional tubular structure may be less efficient than a flat lamina. While past research has investigated the photosynthetic costs of pitchers, the exact suite of constraints shaping pitcher trait variation remain under-explored, including constraints to carnivorous function.

A Haplotype-resolved Chromosome-scale Genome Assembly and Annotation for the Leafcutter Ant, Acromyrmex octospinosus.

Leafcutter ants are ecologically important insects that cultivate fungal gardens for sustenance, playing crucial roles in Neotropical ecosystems. Due to their ecological and evolutionary significance, high-quality genomic assemblies for the species in this fascinating group can provide a foundation for understanding their evolution. Here, we present a chromosome-scale, haplotype-resolved genome assembly for Acromyrmex octospinosus, a common leafcutter ant species broadly distributed in the Neotropics.

Characterisation and comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of false, yellow, black and blushing morels provide insights on their structure and evolution.

species have considerable significance in terrestrial ecosystems, exhibiting a range of ecological lifestyles along the saprotrophism-to-symbiosis continuum. However, the mitochondrial genomes of these ascomycetous fungi have not been thoroughly studied, thereby impeding a comprehensive understanding of their genetic makeup and ecological role. In this study, we analysed the mitogenomes of 30 species, including yellow, black, blushing and false morels.

Coexistence Theory for Microbial Ecology, and Vice Versa.

Classical models from theoretical ecology are seeing increasing uptake in microbial ecology, but there remains rich potential for closer cross-pollination. Here we explore opportunities for stronger integration of ecological theory into microbial research (and vice versa) through the lens of so-called "modern" coexistence theory. Coexistence theory can be used to disentangle the contributions different mechanisms (e.

CNOT6L deadenylase suppresses cardiac remodeling in heart failure through downregulation of tenascin-C mRNA.

Heart failure is rapidly increasing and is a growing burden on human health and the economy in the world. The functional role of mRNA regulation in the pathogenesis of heart failure remains to be elucidated. Carbon catabolite repression 4-negative on TATA-less complex is a multisubunit protein complex that deadenylates mRNA, a process of exonuclease-mediated degradation of mRNA poly(A) tail.

The Epistemic Uncertainty Gradient in Spaces of Random Projections.

This work presents a novel approach to handling epistemic uncertainty estimates with motivation from Bayesian linear regression. We propose treating the model-dependent variance in the predictive distribution-commonly associated with epistemic uncertainty-as a model for the underlying data distribution. Using high-dimensional random feature transformations, this approach allows for a computationally efficient, parameter-free representation of arbitrary data distributions.

Stomach Microbiome Simplification of a Coral Reef Fish at Its Novel Cold-Range Edge Under Climate Change.

Climate-driven range extensions of animals into higher latitudes are often facilitated by phenotypic plasticity. Modifications to habitat preference, behaviour and diet can increase the persistence of range-extending species in novel high-latitude ecosystems. These strategies may be influenced by changes in their gut and stomach microbial communities that are critical to host fitness and potentially adaptive plasticity.

The property of larval cells of the scleractinian coral, Acropora tenuis, deduced from in vitro cultured cells.

In previous studies, we have established approximately 15 cultured cell-lines derived from planula larvae of Acropora tenuis. Based on their morphology and behavior, these cells were classified into three types, flattened amorphous cells (FAmCs), vacuolated adherent cells (VAdCs), and small smooth cells (SSmCs). FAmCs include fibroblast-like cells and spherical, brilliant brown cells (BBrCs), which are transformable to each other.

Conserved immunomodulation and variation in host association by Xanthomonadales commensals in Arabidopsis root microbiota.

Suppression of chronic Arabidopsis immune responses is a widespread but typically strain-specific trait across the major bacterial lineages of the plant microbiota. We show by phylogenetic analysis and in planta associations with representative strains that immunomodulation is a highly conserved, ancestral trait across Xanthomonadales, and preceded specialization of some of these bacteria as host-adapted pathogens. Rhodanobacter R179 activates immune responses, yet root transcriptomics suggest this commensal evades host immune perception upon prolonged association.

Accurate, comprehensive database of group I introns and their homing endonucleases.

Motivation: Group I introns are one of the most widely studied ribozymes. Since their initial discovery, a large number of them have been identified experimentally or computationally. However, no comprehensive and unified database that provides group I intron sequences with precise boundaries and structural information is available.

Catalytic Enantioconvergent Alkylation Reactions That Construct Chiral Quaternary Carbon Centers and Tune C(sp)-C(sp) Bond Rotation.

In molecules with central chiral centers functionalized with aryl groups, the rotation of the single bond between the aryl group and the central chiral center may be hindered. Enantioconvergent alkylation reactions of racemic diastereomers to construct all-carbon quaternary stereocenters resulting in easing of the rotation around the axes are described. We demonstrated that the rotation of the bond between a central chiral carbon center and a dihydrobenzofuranone can be tuned by selection of either a tertiary carbon bearing a hydrogen or a quaternary carbon at the central chiral center.

Optimised solution-phase synthesis of nanoMIPs for protein detection in electrochemical diagnostics.

NanoMIPs are nanoscale molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) ranging in size between 30 to 300 nm offering a high affinity binding reagent as an alternative to antibodies. They are being extensively researched for applications in biological extraction, disease diagnostics and biosensors. Various methodologies for nanoMIP production have been reported demonstrating variable timescales required, sustainability, ease of synthesis and final yields.

Improving case fatality ratio estimates in ongoing pandemics through case-to-death time distribution analysis.

The case fatality ratio (CFR) is a vital metric for assessing the disease severity of novel pathogens. The widely used direct method of CFR estimation-the ratio of total confirmed deaths to total confirmed cases-is inherently simplistic, as it fails to account for the essential time lag between case confirmation to death, and reporting delays. These limitations often lead to biased CFR estimates, particularly in the early stages of outbreaks.

Negative refraction of light in an atomic medium.

The quest to manipulate light propagation in ways not possible with natural media has driven the development of artificially structured metamaterials. One of the most striking effects is negative refraction, where the light beam deflects away from the boundary normal. However, due to material characteristics, the applications of this phenomenon, such as lensing that surpasses the diffraction limit, have been constrained.

Synthesis and characterizations of highly luminescent 5-isopropoxybenzo[]pentaphene.

A benzo[]pentaphene (BPP) substituted by an isopropoxy group (BPP-OiPr) was synthesized in a facile manner. Its photophysical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in compassion to pristine BPP and its oxidation product, benzo[]pentaphene-5,8-dione (BPP-dione). BPP-OiPr exhibited a significantly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), reaching 73% in comparison to pristine BPP (13%).

Vulnerability of the Nrl Cone-Dominant Retina to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Neural retina leucine zipper (NRL) is essential for the development of rods. The Nrl knockout (Nrl) mouse develops a cone-rich retina which facilitates investigations of cone biology. Previously, we identified the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response gene ATF6 as a cause of cone dysfunction in people.

Modulation of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Signaling Together with Neuronal Activation Enhances Forelimb Motor Recovery after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Singular strategies for promoting axon regeneration and motor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) have been attempted with limited success. For instance, the deletion of and phosphatase and tensin homolog () (an extrinsic and intrinsic modulating factor, respectively) in corticospinal neurons (CSNs) promotes axon sprouting after thoracic SCI; however, it is unable to restore motor function. Here, we examine the effects of combining deletion in CSNs with chemogenetic neuronal stimulation on axonal growth and motor recovery after SCI in mice.

S. pombe Mis4 is required for exit from G0 as it is necessary for full nuclear separation during the subsequent M phase.

The evolutionarily conserved Mis4 protein establishes cohesion between replicated sister chromatids in vegetatively proliferating cells. In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, defects in Mis4 lead to premature separation of sister chromatids, resulting in fatal chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis. In humans, NIPBL, an ortholog of Mis4, is responsible for a multisystem disorder called Cornelia de Lange syndrome.

A distinct double-ring LH1-LH2 photocomplex from an extremophilic phototroph.

Halorhodospira (Hlr.) halophila strain BN9622 is an extremely halophilic and alkaliphilic phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium isolated from a hypersaline lake in the Libyan Desert whose total salinity exceeded 35% at pH 10.7.

Minimal Model for Carnot Efficiency at Maximum Power.

Carnot efficiency sets a fundamental upper bound on the heat engine efficiency, attainable in the quasistatic limit, albeit at the cost of completely sacrificing power output. Here, we present a minimal heat engine model that can attain Carnot efficiency while achieving maximum power output. We unveil the potential of intrinsic divergent physical quantities within the working substance, such as degeneracy, as promising thermodynamic resources to break through the universal power-efficiency trade-off imposed by nonequilibrium thermodynamics for conventional heat engines.

Reactivatable stimulated emission depletion microscopy using fluorescence-recoverable nanographene.

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, a key optical super-resolution imaging method, has extended our ability to view details to resolution levels of tens of nanometers. Its resolution depends on fluorophore de-excitation efficiency, and increases with depletion laser power. However, high-power irradiation permanently turns off the fluorescence due to photo-bleaching of the fluorophores.

Discovery and identification of a novel yeast species, sp. nov., from in Okinawa, Japan.

, a genus of yeasts in which many species reproduce sexually, has attracted the attention of researchers because of its prevalence in diverse ecological niches. Building on our extensive collection efforts since 2020, three previously unknown yeast strains from wild species trapped in ripe bananas in Okinawa, Japan, were isolated. Using a multifaceted approach, including physiological assessments and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S LSU rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, it was revealed that these strains are novel members of the genus .

Associations Between Child and Parent Characteristics and Parenting Stress in Japanese Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Objective: Parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience elevated levels of stress in their parenting role. Understanding what contributes to such stress is important for its management.

Methods: We assessed associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of 6-12-year-old children with ADHD recruited through the community ( = 51) and hospital child psychiatry/pediatric clinics ( = 124).