Distribution and accumulation patterns of tire-derived particles in coastal and lake sediments.

Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) are the largest source of microplastics. These particles are generated through friction between tires and road surfaces during use, enter aquatic environments, and may affect aquatic organisms. In this study, TRWP in sediments from 11 different water bodies in Japan were analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Recent Progress on Fluorine-Free Smooth and Textured Surfaces Exhibiting (Super)omniphobicity and Their Future Prospects.

In recent years, surface modification designed to easily repel a variety of liquids and allow them to slide off effortlessly has attracted significant attention. These liquids include both polar and nonpolar liquids with a range of surface tensions, as well as emulsions and biological fluids, such as blood. Such multiliquid-repellency is often referred to as "(super)omniphobicity".

Bi-Objective Optimization of Techno-Economic and Environmental Performance of CO Capture Strategy Involving Two-Stage Membrane-Based Separation with Recycling.

To effectively implement complex CO capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) processes, it is essential to optimize their design by considering various factors. This research bi-objectively optimized a two-stage membrane-based separation process that includes recycling, concentrating on minimizing both costs and CO emissions. The implemented algorithm combined experimental design, machine learning, genetic algorithms, and Bayesian optimization.

Just-in-Time Delivery of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Exercises: Single-Case Experimental Design With Random Multiple Baselines.

Background: Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) are a promising approach in mental health care given the potential scalability (ie, interventions are offered automatically and remotely) and preciseness (ie, the right interventions are offered at the right moments). Typically, a smartphone app is programmed to assess users' psychological states in daily life; when a particular state is detected, the app prompts users to engage in specific behaviors. Conceptually, JITAIs hold significant potential for precision health, although there is currently limited evidence in the literature.

Triple sulfur isotope analysis of picomole carbonyl sulfide using gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

Background: Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an important indicator of gross primary production. However, the lack of a precise understanding of its sources, sinks, and spatiotemporal distribution limits the accuracy of COS-based assessments. Measurements of the sulfur isotope ratios of atmospheric COS have been used to better understand its global COS budget and the atmospheric chemistry of COS.

A novel synthetic 3,4,5-tri-feruloylquinic acid enhances learning and memory via neurotrophin signaling in an aging model senescence-accelerated prone 8 mice.

This study is the first to investigate the anti-aging effects of the newly synthesized compound, 3,4,5-tri-feruloylquinic acid (TFQA), in vivo using the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model, through integrated whole-transcriptomic and biochemical analyses. Oral administration of TFQA (1 mg/kg body weight) for 37 days led to significant cognitive improvements, as demonstrated by enhanced performance in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, including reduced escape latency and increased time spent in the target zone, target crossings, distance traveled, and swimming speed. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of hippocampal microarray data revealed that TFQA upregulated genes associated with neurotransmitter and synaptic functions, while downregulating inflammatory pathways.

A promoter library for tuning gene expression in under autotrophic conditions.

holds promise for biomanufacturing using CO as the primary feedstock, leveraging its capabilities to produce valuable chemicals and grow autotrophically using H as an energy source. Although various genetic tools, including promoters, have been developed to fine-tune gene expression in , no such tools have been developed for the use in autotrophic conditions. This study aimed to establish a promoter library that functions in grown under autotrophic conditions.

Development of iPSC-derived T cells targeting EGFR neoantigens in non-small cell lung cancer.

A long-sought goal of cancer immunotherapy is to mass-produce T cells that specifically target tumor neoantigens. One decisive challenge is the identification of neoantigens derived from cancer driver genes. Here, we identify T cells that recognize the NSCLC-associated EGFR C797S mutation, which confers resistance to current inhibitors and is linked to poor prognosis.

Highly Deformable, Ion-Conductive Borohydride-Substituted Sulfide Electrolyte for Superior Performance at Low Stack Pressure.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising next-generation energy storage systems that can replace conventional lithium-ion batteries. Further enhancement in battery performance requires the formation of a stable physical interfacial contact between the active material (AM) in the electrode and the solid electrolyte (SE). However, reducing the resistance at the AM-SE interface remains a key challenge.

Recognition of Japanese kanji words in children with specific learning disorders: a preliminary study using magnetoencephalography.

Introduction: In Western countries, reading disorders are believed to be caused by phonological processing problems. Conversely, Japanese children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and developmental dysgraphia often have difficulty learning kanji that are ideographic characters. It is believed that kanji learning and alphabet learning have different pathologies, as the latter uses phonetic character.

Recovery of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 gene-knockout phenotypes in Nicotiana benthamiana via in vivo generation of inverted repeat construct of the trans-acting short interference RNA3 sequence.

Pharmaceutical recombinant proteins are widely produced using plants; however, several challenges such as low productivity limit their application. To overcome these problems, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6-knockout Nicotiana benthamiana plants (rdr6 plants) were previously produced for the mass production of recombinant proteins. These rdr6 plants produced higher amounts of recombinant proteins than wild-type plants, but their practical use for recombinant protein production is limited by their sterility and small leaf size.

Evaluation of the False Discovery Rate in Library-Free Search by DIA-NN Using Human Proteome.

Recently, deep-learning-based spectral libraries have gained increasing attention. Several data-independent acquisition (DIA) software tools have integrated this feature, known as a library-free search, thereby making DIA analysis more accessible. However, controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) is challenging owing to the vast amount of peptide information in libraries.

Ultrabroad resonance of localized plasmon on a nanoparticle coupled with surface plasmon on a nanowire enabling two-photon excited emission via continuous-wave laser.

This study found that plasmonic hotspots (HSs) between silver nanoparticles (NPs) and silver nanowires (NWs) generated two-photon excited emissions, including hyper-Rayleigh, hyper-Raman, and two-photon fluorescence of dye molecules with continuous-wave (CW) near-infrared (NIR) laser excitation. A comparison between experimental results and electromagnetic (EM) calculations revealed that a large EM enhancement factor (FR) at the HS appears in the visible to NIR regions owing to EM coupling between localized plasmons of the NP and surface plasmons of the NW. This ultrabroad resonance of the coupled plasmons enables the observation of two-photon-excited emissions with CW laser excitation.

Time-domain thermoreflectance technique using multiple delayed probe pulses for high-throughput data acquisition and analysis.

To advance thermal control technology, improve thermal reuse efficiency, and further enhance device performance, it is crucial to understand microscopic spatial and temporal heat transport in materials. In this study, we developed a high-throughput time-domain thermoreflectance (HT-TDTR) technique that accelerates the measurement speed of thermophysical properties. The fundamental concept involves decomposing supercontinuum light into a pump pulse (1064 nm) and multiple delayed probe pulses (900 nm-730 nm) with different delays, enabling simultaneous acquisition of thermoreflectance signals at multiple delay times.

Genetic population structure of Japanese freshwater crab, Geothelphusa dehaani species complex using genome wide SNPs.

The Japanese freshwater crab Geothelphusa dehaani species complex is distributed widely across the Japanese Archipelago. Despite its suggested high genetic and morphological diversity, key aspects such as nuclear DNA (nuDNA) population structure and relationship between body color patterns and genetic populations remain unclear. To address these gaps, this study analyzed genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nuDNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) markers in samples from Hokkaido to the Tokara Islands, Japan.

Microbiota-driven antitumour immunity mediated by dendritic cell migration.

Gut microbiota influence the antitumour efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade, but the mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that a new strain of the bacterial genus Hominenteromicrobium (designated YB328) isolated from the faeces of patients who responded to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade augmented antitumour responses in mice. YB328 activated tumour-specific CD8 T cells through the stimulation of CD103CD11b conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), which, following exposure in the gut, migrated to the tumour microenvironment.

Targeting Siglec-10/α3β1 Integrin Interactions Enhances Macrophage-Mediated Phagocytosis of Pancreatic Cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit immunosuppressive phenotypes and impaired phagocytic activity, facilitating tumor progression and immune evasion. Here, we identify integrin α3β1, composed of ITGA3 and ITGB1 subunits, as a sialylated glycoprotein ligand for Siglec-10, an inhibitory glyco-immune checkpoint receptor highly expressed on TAMs in PDAC. The interaction between Siglec-10 on TAMs and α3β1 on PDAC cells suppresses macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, thereby promoting immune evasion.

A Cross-Species Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histology Database of Vertebrates.

Understanding brain evolution requires detailed comparative analyses of brain structures across species. However, high-resolution anatomical and connective data remain limited for most vertebrates beyond a few well-studied model organisms. To address this gap, we collected postmortem brain samples from a range of vertebrates, primarily small amniotes, and performed magnetic resonance imaging and histological staining.

Possibility of Superconductivity of Li Ions in Solid Electrolytes at Room Temperature Under Coherent Acoustic Phonons.

It has been theoretically suggested that the de Broglie wavelength of Li ions could become longer than the Li atomic distance in solid electrolytes under coherent acoustic phonons at room temperature when thermal noise is sufficiently suppressed by them. This suggests that some quantum effect of Li ions (not electrons) could appear under this condition, which could possibly result in the superconductivity of Li ions (bosons) in solid electrolytes at room temperature. A lower frequency of coherent phonons is better for this possibility.

Nanosized Anisotropic Sm-Fe-N Particles with Metastable TbCu7-Type Structures Prepared by an Induction Thermal Plasma Process.

TbCu-type Sm-based compounds can be produced in bulk and potentially surpass NdFeB as permanent magnets. However, as the processes to prepare anisotropic magnetic particles are limited, the full potential of TbCu-type Sm-based compounds cannot be exploited. In this study, metastable TbCu-type phases of anisotropic Sm-Fe-N ultrafine particles were prepared using the low-oxygen induction thermal plasma (LO-ITP) process.

Actuator-Driven, Purge-Free Formaldehyde Gas Sensor Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

Formaldehyde vapor (HCHO) is a harmful chemical substance and a potential air contaminant, with a permissible level in indoor spaces below 0.08 ppm (80 ppb). Thus, highly sensitive gas sensors for the continuous monitoring of HCHO are in demand.

Acquisition of auditory discrimination mediated by different processes through two distinct circuits linked to the lateral striatum.

The striatum, the central hub of cortico-basal ganglia loops, contains functionally heterogeneous subregions distinguished by the topographic patterns of structural connectivity. These subregions mediate various processes of procedural learning. However, it remains unclear when and how striatal subregions engage in the acquisition of sensory stimulus-based decision-making.

RaptGen-UI: an integrated platform for exploring and analyzing the sequence landscape of HT-SELEX experiments.

Summary: RaptGen-UI provides intuitive graphical user-interface of the system exploring and analyzing the sequence landscape of high-throughput (HT)-SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) experiments through machine learning-driven visualization with optimization capabilities. This software enables wet-lab researchers to efficiently analyze HT-SELEX dataset and optimize RNA aptamers without requiring extensive computational expertise. The containerized architecture ensures secure local deployment and supports both of high-performance Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) acceleration and CPU-only environments, making it suitable for various research settings.

Nonlocal electrical detection of reciprocal orbital Edelstein effect.

The orbital Edelstein effect and orbital Hall effect, where a charge current induces a nonequilibrium orbital angular momentum, offer a promising method for efficiently manipulating nanomagnets using light elements. Despite extensive research, understanding the Onsager's reciprocity of orbital transport remains elusive. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate the Onsager's reciprocity of orbital transport in an orbital Edelstein system by utilizing nonlocal measurements.

A systematic study on carrier transport processes in charging olivine phosphates LiMPO (M = Fe and Mn) by hybrid DFT calculations.

Charging lithiated olivine phosphates can be driven by the transport of a hole polaron (h), a lithium ion vacancy (V-Li), and a h-V-Li pair. While the individual process has been investigated by density functional calculations, systematic study on these processes, including an assessment of the effects of using a particular functional, has been scarce. This study compares the activation energies for these processes in LFP and LMP calculated at the same level of hybrid density functional theory.