ARID1A mutation drives gastric tumorigenesis via activating type 2 immune dominant microenvironment.

is a frequently mutated gene in gastric cancers (GCs), particularly in those associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which also often shows mutations and silencing. However, the role of these alterations in the development of GC remains unclear. Here, using Cre; ; ; LSL- mice (APP mice), we found that deletion alone promoted a type 2 immune microenvironment marked by the infiltration of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), eosinophils, mast cells, and M2 macrophages via triggering aberrant IL-33-expressing pit lineage differentiation in stem/progenitor cells.

fNIRS reproducibility varies with data quality, analysis pipelines, and researcher experience.

As data analysis pipelines grow more complex in brain imaging research, understanding how methodological choices affect results is essential for ensuring reproducibility and transparency. This is especially relevant for functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a rapidly growing technique for assessing brain function in naturalistic settings and across the lifespan, yet one that still lacks standardized analysis approaches. In the fNIRS Reproducibility Study Hub (FRESH) initiative, we asked 38 research teams worldwide to independently analyze the same two fNIRS datasets.

Effect of random terms on the shape of dendrites analyzed by the phase-field model.

In this study, we focus on random terms with a significant effect on the calculation time and the sidebranch structure of dendrites. We quantitatively evaluate the effect of the random terms on dendrites by changing the term introduced into the evaluation equation, the distribution of the random term, and variance. We introduced the terms: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

Transport mechanism of fluorosulfonylamide-based molten alkali metal salts-Intermediate temperature ionic liquids.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in this study elucidated the transport mechanism of a series of intermediate temperature ionic liquids: molten MFSA, MFTA, and MTFSA, where M = (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs), FSA = bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide, FTA = fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, and TFSA = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. The following two peculiarities had been experimentally observed: (i) the electrical conductivity, σ, of Li-systems is extremely lower than that of the other alkali metal counterparts and (ii) the Nernst-Einstein conductivity, σNE, derived from the self-diffusion coefficients, D+ and D-, of LiFSA and LiFTA is lower than the real conductivity, σ > σNE, which is usually the other way around. Hypothetical MD simulations made by increasing the size or decreasing the valence of Li+ revealed that the strong interaction between neighboring cation and anion caused by the high surface charge density on Li+ is responsible for both (i) and (ii).

Machine learning for the development of new materials for a magnetic tunnel junction.

In materials science, we have been increasing the number of constituent elements in an alloy and compounds to improve their properties. For example, in magnetism and spintronics, ternary alloys, such as NdFeB and CoFeB have been developed and widely used in permanent magnets and memories/sensors, respectively. It has now been considered to be a time to add more elements to further explore their horizon.

Construction of a heterologous protein secretion system using the protein disulfide isomerase Pdi1p in Schizosaccharomycespombe.

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been often used as a host for heterologous protein production; however, a method for extracellular secretion of heterologous protein would be advantageous for ease of purification and for native protein structure. In a previous study, overexpression of endogenous protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) genes improved the secretion of recombinant human transferrin in S. pombe.

A cytokine-based designer enzyme with an abiological multinuclear metal center exhibits intrinsic and extrinsic catalysis.

A designer enzyme consisting of an abiological molecule incorporated into a natural protein has been developed as an exceptionally chemoselective catalyst, highlighting that the internal space of proteins is highly beneficial for enhancing catalytic performance. However, other features of proteins have received less attention in designer enzymes, for e.g.

Development of porous COP-ceramic composites for application as low-relative-permittivity, low-dielectric-loss substrates in next-generation communication systems.

Rapid advancements in communication technologies, such as the onset of 5G systems and the anticipated arrival of 6G systems, have increased the demand for materials with low relative permittivity ([Formula: see text]) and dissipation factor (tanδ) to enable stable, low-power communication at higher frequencies. In this study, cycloolefin polymer (COP)-based composites containing an alumina (AlO) or aluminum nitride (AlN) filler were subjected to foaming by supercritical CO to introduce porosity, then evaluated as candidates for low-[Formula: see text] , low-tanδ substrates. Their dielectric properties were evaluated over a large frequency range of up to ~ 120 GHz using the balanced-type circular disk resonator method.

Non-equilibrium anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy for investigating Higgs modes in superconductors.

Even before its role in electroweak symmetry breaking, the Anderson-Higgs mechanism was introduced to explain the Meissner effect in superconductors. Spontaneous symmetry-breaking yields massless phase modes representing the low-energy excitations of the Mexican-Hat potential. Only in superconductors the phase mode is shifted towards higher energies owing to the gauge field of the charged condensate.

Quantum Orbital-State Control of a Neutral Nitrogen-Vacancy Center at Millikelvin Temperatures.

A neutral nitrogen-vacancy center (NV^{0}) is promising for realizing strong coupling with a single microwave photon due to its large electric field sensitivity, although it is susceptible to environmental phonon noise at 5 K. Decreasing the temperature to 15 mK results in a tenfold increase in orbital relaxation time compared to that at 5 K. Dynamical decoupling pulses significantly increase the orbital coherence time to more than 1.

The sulfation pattern of glycosaminoglycans in human brain development and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are modified by various sulfotransferases and endosulfatases. The resulting sulfation patterns are formed, influencing numerous functions. Sulfation leads to a strong negative charge on GAGs, inducing specific interactions with proteins such as signaling ligands and pathogenicity factors, impacting cellular functions and disease onset.

Use of Raman spectroscopy for the label-free discrimination of CHO cells associated with antibody expression.

The performances of host cells that produce therapeutic proteins is important for the efficient production of drug substances, to minimize production costs, and to ensure competitive prices for commercial drugs in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, the selection of cells that exhibit high performances in the expression of proteins and in the construction of master cell banks is a complicated and time-consuming process. Consequently, novel methods are required to assess the expression levels of drug molecules and to select dominant cells at an early stage.

Generation of transchromosomic mice harboring HLA-A/B/C and human B2M via mouse artificial chromosome and triple BAC integration.

Humanized transgenic mice carrying human genes are useful for research on gene function and disease. Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) that carry human genomic sequences with regulatory elements enable the expression of transgenes at physiological levels in vivo. To study complex biological phenomena involving multiple genes, techniques for co-introducing transgenes into mice have been developed; however, the introduction of multiple BACs remains laborious.

Action-at-a-Distance Mutations Induced by the True Abasic Site, Uracil, and Nicks: Unexpectedly Lower Mutagenicity of the True Abasic Site.

A major oxidized base, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (G, 8-hydroxyguanine), is involved in cancer initiation. G induces untargeted base substitution (action-at-a-distance) mutations as well as targeted G→T transversions in human cells. Uracil also induces similar untargeted mutations.

Feasibility of Combining Biomolecular Conformational Sampling Techniques for Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

We assess the feasibility of combining two advanced molecular dynamics techniques for efficient biomolecular conformational sampling: the generalized ensemble method for enhancing conformational sampling in partial systems (GEPS), such as ALSD and REST2, which dynamically modulate atomic charges in selected regions, and the zero-multipole summation method (ZMM), which efficiently computes electrostatic interactions assuming local electrostatic neutrality. To address whether charge variation in GEPS violates the fundamental assumption of ZMM, we compared conformational ensembles obtained using GEPS combined with either ZMM or a conventional electrostatic calculation method. Our results demonstrate that GEPS and ZMM can be effectively combined without introducing systematic bias.

Development of an Antimicrobial Coating Film for Denture Lining Materials.

Denture hygiene is essential for the prevention of oral candidiasis, a condition frequently associated with Candida albicans colonization on denture surfaces. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-loaded montmorillonite (CPC-Mont) has demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy in tissue conditioners and demonstrates potential for use in antimicrobial coatings. In this study, we aimed to develop and characterize CPC-Mont-containing coating films for dentures, focusing on their physicochemical behaviors and antifungal efficacies.

Fine visualization of biological cells using X-ray micro-CT with the slow freezing contrast improved method.

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used in various fields for the non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) observation of internal structures within objects. However, biological cells are primarily composed of light elements such as oxygen and carbon, which have high X-ray transmittance. Consequently, conventional absorption contrast X-ray CT is unable to achieve fine 3D observations of such specimens.

Non-parabolic Band Effect of ZnO Enhanced by Hybridization with Complex Point Defect Donors for Boosting Thermoelectric Conversion.

The simultaneous increase of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity is vital for high thermoelectric performance. With Fermi level upshift in the non-parabolic band, the effective mass increases, bringing relatively high Seebeck coefficient in addition to higher electrical conductivity. However, it is difficult to introduce many carriers for a drastic Fermi level upshift because of the solubility limit of dopants.

On-Site Unzipping of Single-Molecule DNA in a Spot-Heated Nanopore.

Strand separation is a prerequisite for any genome sequencing method, including the single-molecule approach via solid-state nanopore sensing. Here, we report on the local electrical heating of nanofluidic channels for on-site denaturation to resistive pulse analysis of nucleic acids. We lithographed a Pt nanocoil around a nanopore in a SiN membrane.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of a small piece of Ce-doped lithium glass scintillator of an optical fiber-based neutron detector using microcomputed tomography technique.

An optical fiber-based neutron detector is a real-time neutron monitor for an intense neutron field. A small piece of neutron scintillator, such as Ce-doped lithium glass (Li-glass), used in the detector has a random shape with a grain size of 200-400 μm. This causes shape-dependent effects on the detector response.

Exploring Binding Sites on Proteins for Function Prediction Using the PoSSuM Databases.

Protein function is strongly associated with molecules with which it can interact. Using information on the accumulated complex structures of proteins and their ligands is expected to be useful for the prediction of biological functions and for drug discovery and development. To take advantage of these opportunities, we have constructed and released the PoSSuM database, with compiled similarity search results for known and putative binding sites, based on three-dimensional structures of proteins.

Room-temperature bulk photovoltaic effect in a terthiophene-based ferroelectric liquid crystal bearing dilactate side chains.

Room-temperature bulk photovoltaic effect of a ferroelectric liquid crystal based on diphenylterthiophene bearing dilactate side chains is provided in this study. In the polarized smectic phase of this compound, the improved bulk photovoltaic effect was observed without electron acceptors, indicating the open-circuit voltage of 1.1 V.

Kinetics of Excited OH Formation in H + NO and NH + NO Reactions at High Temperatures.

The reactions H + NO → N + OH* (R1) and NH + NO → N + OH* (R2) have been proposed as sources of the electronically excited OH(AΣ) radicals, denoted as OH*, during combustion of nitrogen-containing compounds. The present study investigates the kinetics of these reactions through OH* emission experiments using a shock tube. Time profiles of OH* concentration measured for several shock-heated mixtures are analyzed with the help of kinetic simulations.

Development of a Standard-Free Analytical Quantitative Method Based on Liquid Chromatography Using Relative Molar Sensitivity for Chlorogenic Acid in Apple Juice.

Recently, a chromatographic quantitative method using relative molar sensitivity (RMS), the so-called RMS method, was developed for the determination of target analytes in food additives, drugs, and supplements. By determining the RMS value of the analyte to a different reference compound, this method avoids the need for an analytical standard of the analyte itself to plot calibration curves for quantification. In this collaborative study performed by 10 laboratories, we demonstrated the robustness and reliability of the RMS method in the quantitative analysis of chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5CQA) in apple juice.

Characterizing link among phase angle, muscle strength, body composition variables, and urine metabolites in Japanese females with or without dysmenorrhea: A pilot study.

Background: Dysmenorrhea, characterized by painful menstruation, can influence body composition, muscle strength, and metabolic function. This study aimed to investigate differences and relationships between body composition variables, phase angle (PhA), muscle strength, and urine metabolites among Japanese female individuals with and without dysmenorrhea.

Methods: Thirty-four participants, divided into healthy menstruating control (n = 15) and dysmenorrhea (n = 19) groups, were included.