Fabrication of Low-Power Consumption Hydrogen Sensor Based on TiO/Pt Nanocontacts via Local Atom Migration.

Hydrogen (H) gas sensors are essential for detecting leaks and ensuring safety, thereby supporting the broader adoption of hydrogen energy. The performance of H sensors has been shown to be improved by the incorporation of TiO nanostructures. The key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) technology was used to fabricate extremely compact H sensors via various forming techniques, and substantial sensor performance enhancement was investigated.

Cerebral perfusion mismatch: challenging the validity of cerebral vascular resistance index in orthostatic stress.

The cerebral vascular resistance index (CVRi), a single-parameter model based on systemic blood pressure rather than cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), is widely used to assess cerebrovascular resistance. However, it does not accurately reflect the pressure-flow/velocity relationships in the cerebral circulation, as cerebral blood flow (CBF) is primarily regulated by CPP. This study evaluated the validity of CVRi during orthostatic stress induced by head-up tilt (HUT), which alters CPP independently of arterial blood pressure at the heart level and CBF.

Factor structure of self-reported health literacy scales: a large-scale cross-sectional study among Japanese-speaking adults.

The importance of health literacy has become widely recognized in the fields of psychology and public health over past decades, during which more than 100 health-literacy scales have been developed. These scales typically have unique targets (or subscales), leading to an enormous number of factors proposed across scales. However, conceptual overlaps and redundancy are left unresolved.

Development of Highly Active Catalysts for Low-Temperature CO Hydrogenation to Methanol Using a Machine Learning Approach.

The conversion of CO into methanol through hydrogenation represents a promising approach for the utilization of CO and sustainable chemical production. However, current industrial methods rely on copper-based catalysts, which exhibit low CO conversion and limited methanol yields and require high temperatures and pressures. In this study, we utilized a machine-learning (ML) approach to develop low-temperature CO hydrogenation catalysts.

Enhanced Superconducting Gap in the Outer CuO_{2} Plane of the Trilayer Cuprate (Hg, Re)Ba_{2}Ca_{2}Cu_{3}O_{8+δ}.

We report the first observation of a momentum-resolved superconducting gap in the Hg-based trilayer cuprate, which holds the highest record of superconducting transition temperature (T_{c}) at ambient pressure. By angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy utilizing a microfocused beam, clear quasiparticle dispersions originating from the inner and outer CuO_{2} planes (IP and OP, respectively) were separately identified. The magnitude of the superconducting gap for the IP was comparable to that of the Bi-based trilayer cuprate with a lower T_{c}.

Relationships between hand grip strength and gait parameters measured using a foot-mounted sensor in non-laboratory settings in older women.

Muscle weakness is a significant concern in older women, as it increases the risk of falls and fractures. To develop practical tools for early detection, it is important to understand how hand grip strength relates to gait parameters in non-laboratory settings. This study examined the relationship between hand grip strength and gait characteristics in older women, using a foot-mounted sensor during natural walking.

Focused light birefringence for three-dimensional observation of dislocations in silicon carbide wafers.

We report a novel method known as focused light birefringence for the three-dimensional observation of dislocations in silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. Dislocations in SiC wafers can adversely affect device performance and production yield, which necessitates their characterization. The existing methods for observing dislocations have some limitations such as sample destruction and the need for sophisticated x-ray facilities.

Imaging Ligand-Driven PPAR Activities Using Single-Chain Bioluminescent Probes.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) play pivotal roles in functionally diverse cell signaling cascades, regulating metabolism and homeostasis. This study introduces a broadly applicable molecular imaging platform for NR activities based on four rationally designed single-chain bioluminescent probes named -. As all the ligand binding domains (LBDs) of NRs are highly conserved, the probe portfolio was exemplified using the LBD of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ-LBD), i.

Quantitative measurements of transverse thermoelectric generation and cooling performances in SmCo/BiSbTe-based artificially tilted multilayer module.

The transverse thermoelectric generation and cooling performances in a thermopile module composed of recently developed SmCo/BiSbTe artificially tilted multilayers are evaluated quantitatively. When a large temperature difference of 405°C is applied to the SmCo/BiSbTe-based module, the open-circuit voltage and output power reach 0.51 V and 0.

Multiple Peaks Caused by van Hove Singularities in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Films.

The figure-of-merit is an index for thermoelectric conversion efficiency that incorporates the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. In conventional three-dimensional materials, exhibits a local maximum at only one carrier density because these three thermoelectric parameters each have counteracting trends with carrier concentration. Therefore, optimizing the doping level to the single peak in the value is a general strategy to improve the thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

Effects of pyruvate administration on mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue and whole-body glucose metabolism in male mice.

Pyruvate administration leads to the accumulation of intracellular lactate in adipocytes and affects inflammatory cytokine production and whole-body glucose metabolism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether pyruvate administration improves the dysfunction of glucose metabolism induced by high-fat diet (HFD) intake. In an acute experiment, intraperitoneal injection of male mice with sodium pyruvate (1 g/kg body weight) increased pyruvate and lactate concentrations in blood and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT).

Acceptance of Care Technologies for Medication Management Among Family Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Dementia.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey to examine the factors associated with the use of medication management devices among family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Higher-income levels and frequent use of social media were significantly associated with increased use of medication management devices. These findings suggest that governments and developers of care technologies for medication management address both economic and digital literacy barriers when promoting the use of care technologies.

A Method of Synthesis of Time Series Data of Blood Test Values.

We proposed a method to generate synthetic time series of venous blood test values, using a three-parameter log-normal distribution and Graphical Lasso for distribution refinement. Sampling is performed via the inverse function method and Cholesky decomposition to ensure realistic high-dimensional correlations.

Analytical dissection of minor glycoforms and glycoprotein associations in rAAV preparations by multimodal glycoproteomics.

Accurate glycan analysis of viral vectors is essential for evaluating pharmaceutical quality. Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based analytical technologies have achieved glycosylation detection in adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). However, because only a minor subpopulation (< 1%) of recombinant AAV (rAAV) particles may carry glycans or associate with glycoproteins, distinguishing genuine AAV glycosylation from that of co-purified glycoproteins remains technically challenging, highlighting the need for analytical strategies that minimize glycan misassignment and reliably identify glycoprotein interactions.

Designing High-Rate and High-Capacity Lithium Metal Anodes: Unveiling Critical Role of Carbon Nanotube Structure.

Strategic material selection is critical for designing high-performance energy-storage systems. This study reveals that the intrinsic structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), rather than modification, plays a decisive role in achieving ultrahigh capacity and stability. Using CNT selection as a design strategy, a mesoporous Li host is developed that enables an exceptional areal capacity of 90 mAh cm, long-term cycling stability exceeding 2000 cycles, and operation at an ultrahigh current density of 60 mA cm in symmetric cells.

Chronic reduction of synaptic proteins in the epileptogenic lesion of patients with hippocampal sclerosis.

Disturbance of synaptic proteins in the epileptogenic lesion is considered the basis for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. However, details of these molecular changes remain unknown because brain tissues are typically uncollectable from live patients. Using surgically excised brain tissues from epileptogenic lesions of patients with hippocampal sclerosis, we biochemically studied quantitative alterations in synaptic protein expression and their posttranslational phosphorylation of synaptic proteins, including glutamate receptors, which are the major excitatory neurotransmitter receptors.

Elucidating Structural Variations at Heterogeneous Interfaces in Polymer Blends Using Evolved Gas Analysis with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Under Field Ionization.

We present a novel method, viz., evolved gas analysis with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (EGA-TOFMS) using field ionization, for analyzing the molecular-scale structural variations at heterogeneous interfaces in polymer blends. EGA-TOFMS enables the acquisition of temperature-dependent high-resolution mass spectra of the pyrolysis products derived from each component of the blends.

gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from gut of rainbow trout.

A Gram-stain-negative, anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from gut of rainbow trout in Japan. The temperature range for the growth of 9N8 was 1030 °C with an optimum at 20 °C. The organism produced acetate and butyrate when grown on AccuDia Gifu Anaerobic Medium broth, Modified.

Seasonal changes in daily temperature fluctuation control flowering through a time-dependent regulation of in .

Temperature changes along seasonal transitions control flowering. Under natural long-day conditions, flowering is controlled by a bimodal expression pattern of the florigen gene, (), in . Although cool ambient temperatures delay flowering through repression, it is unknown how daily temperature fluctuations regulate bimodal profiles.

Time-resolved fragmentation pathways of expanded polystyrene microplastics: Intrinsic pathway modulated by sand morphology and degradation state.

Microplastic fragmentation, driven by ultraviolet exposure, mechanical forces, and sand properties, remains poorly understood in natural settings despite its ecological significance. This study investigates temporal variation (6-240 h) in the shape, size, and number of EPS fragments (size distribution) and their dependence on sand morphology and parent microplastic degradation state based on pot mill experiments. Two experimental setups were employed: Time-Resolved Fragmentation (TRF) experiments using virgin EPS (∼5000 μm) with beach sand (TRF-VB), and virgin or degraded EPS with river sand (TRF-VR/DR).

ARID1A mutation drives gastric tumorigenesis via activating type 2 immune dominant microenvironment.

is a frequently mutated gene in gastric cancers (GCs), particularly in those associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which also often shows mutations and silencing. However, the role of these alterations in the development of GC remains unclear. Here, using Cre; ; ; LSL- mice (APP mice), we found that deletion alone promoted a type 2 immune microenvironment marked by the infiltration of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), eosinophils, mast cells, and M2 macrophages via triggering aberrant IL-33-expressing pit lineage differentiation in stem/progenitor cells.

fNIRS reproducibility varies with data quality, analysis pipelines, and researcher experience.

As data analysis pipelines grow more complex in brain imaging research, understanding how methodological choices affect results is essential for ensuring reproducibility and transparency. This is especially relevant for functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a rapidly growing technique for assessing brain function in naturalistic settings and across the lifespan, yet one that still lacks standardized analysis approaches. In the fNIRS Reproducibility Study Hub (FRESH) initiative, we asked 38 research teams worldwide to independently analyze the same two fNIRS datasets.

Effect of random terms on the shape of dendrites analyzed by the phase-field model.

In this study, we focus on random terms with a significant effect on the calculation time and the sidebranch structure of dendrites. We quantitatively evaluate the effect of the random terms on dendrites by changing the term introduced into the evaluation equation, the distribution of the random term, and variance. We introduced the terms: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

Transport mechanism of fluorosulfonylamide-based molten alkali metal salts-Intermediate temperature ionic liquids.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in this study elucidated the transport mechanism of a series of intermediate temperature ionic liquids: molten MFSA, MFTA, and MTFSA, where M = (Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs), FSA = bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide, FTA = fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, and TFSA = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. The following two peculiarities had been experimentally observed: (i) the electrical conductivity, σ, of Li-systems is extremely lower than that of the other alkali metal counterparts and (ii) the Nernst-Einstein conductivity, σNE, derived from the self-diffusion coefficients, D+ and D-, of LiFSA and LiFTA is lower than the real conductivity, σ > σNE, which is usually the other way around. Hypothetical MD simulations made by increasing the size or decreasing the valence of Li+ revealed that the strong interaction between neighboring cation and anion caused by the high surface charge density on Li+ is responsible for both (i) and (ii).