Stability testing of HPCs and MNCs from apheresis products.

Background: Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and mononuclear cells (MNCs) are critical components of cell-based therapies, including bone marrow transplantation and regenerative treatments. Evaluation of the characteristics of these products during collection, storage, and transport is essential for maintaining cell viability and functionality. In this study, we evaluated the functional and molecular stability of samples collected for the evaluation of fresh HPC and MNC products.

Aligning metrics with meaning: considerations for measurement selection in disability evaluation.

This article explores the role of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in disability evaluation, a measurement domain traditionally dominated by clinical performance-based assessments. While performance tests are valued for their perceived objectivity, PROMs have gained prominence in research for their efficiency, patient-centered orientation, and capacity to capture subjective experiences relevant to functional decline related to potentially disabling conditions. The manuscript underscores the importance of aligning measurement tools with the specific purpose of evaluation-whether clinical, policy-driven, or programmatic.

NAD dyshomeostasis in RYR1-related myopathies.

Background: Pathogenic variants in RYR1 cause a spectrum of rare congenital myopathies associated with intracellular calcium dysregulation. Glutathione redox imbalance has been reported in several Ryr1 disease model systems and clinical studies. NAD and NADP are essential cofactors in cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis.

Enabling discovery of the social determinants of health: using a specialized lens to see beyond the surface.

Background: Investigators encounter challenges in uncovering valuable studies when they are researching health disparities and minority health literature. This evidence scan and qualitative/quantitative crosswalk analysis looked at maternal health literature to gain a better understanding of the nuances in articulating the social determinates of health (SDoH) concepts aligned with the NIMHD Research Framework. SDoH concepts describe the multifaceted causes of health disparities, as opposed to effects that result in health outcomes.

Altering the gut microbiome and tumor microenvironment in advanced liver cancer: A phase II study of nivolumab, tadalafil and oral vancomycin in patients with refractory primary hepatocellular carcinoma or liver dominant metastatic cancer from colorectal or pancreatic cancers.

A phase II study was conducted in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma or liver dominant metastatic cancer from colorectal (CRC) or pancreatic (PDAC) cancers to assess the effect of nivolumab (anti-PD1), oral vancomycin and tadalafil. Patients were treated with 480 mg nivolumab intravenously every 4 weeks, oral 10 mg tadalafil daily and 125 mg vancomycin orally every 6 h days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was best overall response.

Resolution of Squamous-Cell Carcinoma by Restoring T-Cell Receptor Signaling.

Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is primarily caused by oncogenesis mediated by ultraviolet radiation, and β-human papillomavirus (β-HPV) is believed to be a mere facilitator that is dispensable for the maintenance of cutaneous SCC. Here, we describe a woman with benign and malignant HPV-related diseases that include a recurrent, unresectable, invasive cutaneous SCC with β-HPV19 genomic integration in the context of germline pathogenic mutations in , an adapter required for T-cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction. Restoration of the integrity of TCR signaling by allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation led to the resolution of all HPV-related diseases, thereby revealing a direct role of β-HPV in skin carcinogenesis in hosts with defective adaptive T-cell responses.

Genetic variants in the CD59 gene: An exploratory study of large genome databases.

Background: CD59 is a GPI-anchored glycoprotein on the surface of many cell types. It inhibits the assembly of the membrane attack complex, thus preventing complement-mediated cell lysis. Lack of a functional CD59 protein causes recurrent ischemic strokes, neuropathy, and chronic hemolysis.

Survey of Red Cell Transfusion Therapy and Immunohematology Services for Patients with Hemoglobinopathies in Türkiye.

Objective: Transfusion therapy is critical for many patients with β-thalassemia or sickle cell disease (SCD). We aimed to review current practices and document chronic transfusion therapy for patients with hemoglobinopathies in the transfusion service centers of Türkiye.

Materials And Methods: A survey with 16 structured questions was distributed electronically to adult and pediatric hematologists in Türkiye.

Artificial intelligence-generated apparent diffusion coefficient (AI-ADC) maps for prostate gland assessment: a multi-reader study.

Objective: To compare the quality of AI-ADC maps and standard ADC maps in a multi-reader study.

Materials And Methods: Multi-reader study included 74 consecutive patients (median age = 66 years, [IQR = 57.25-71.

Molecular characterization of variant D antigen expression among 56,445 blood donors in East India.

Background: Transfusion of red cells from RhD-positive donors to recipients lacking all or some epitopes of the D antigen can lead to the development of anti-D, potentially resulting in hemolytic transfusion reactions. Over 500 RHD alleles affect the qualitative or quantitative expression of the D antigen. There are huge differences in their prevalence among populations.

Single-cell spatial transcriptomics reveals immunotherapy-driven bone marrow niche remodeling in AML.

Given the graft-versus-leukemia effect observed with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), immunotherapies have been explored in nontransplant settings. We applied a multiomic approach to examine bone marrow interactions in patients with AML treated with pembrolizumab and decitabine. Using extensively trained nuclear and membrane segmentation models, we achieved precise transcript assignment and deep learning-based image analysis.

MRI-based measurement of inner ear fluids reveals increased endolymph volume variability in patients with endolymphatic hydrops and hearing instability.

Lack of proven biomarkers for hearing instability (HI) disorders leads to difficulty and delays in diagnosis. Given the association of HI with endolymphatic hydrops (EH), imaging-based techniques for quantification of endolymph and perilymph may be useful for improved clinical management. This study longitudinally characterizes variations in endolymph fluid volume and correlations with hearing changes.

Transparency and ongoing communication with participants in brain organoid research: Consensus of an interdisciplinary working group.

Stem cell-based models of the human brain benefit from biospecimens that can be used for a broad range of future research. But current regulations do not address the desire of research participants to remain engaged beyond initial biospecimen donation. We present practicable strategies for engaging participants while preserving scientific potential.

Interventional Radiology Reporting Standards and Checklist for Artificial Intelligence Research Evaluation (iCARE).

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly prevalent within interventional radiology (IR) research and clinical practice, steps must be taken to ensure the robustness of novel technological systems presented in peer-reviewed journals. This report introduces comprehensive standards and an evaluation checklist (iCARE) that covers the application of modern AI methods in IR-specific contexts. The iCARE checklist encompasses the full "code-to-clinic" pipeline of AI development, including dataset curation, pre-training, task-specific training, explainability, privacy protection, bias mitigation, reproducibility, and model deployment.

Transitioning a multiethnic donor pool from serologic D-negative to molecularly RHD-negative at a hospital-based blood donor service.

Background: Some individuals carry a very low expression of the D-antigen, called a Del phenotype. Red cell units from such blood donors with DEL alleles are RhD protein-positive, despite being routinely labelled D-negative. Molecular typing offers a more sensitive method to identify Del individuals by detecting the presence of the RHD gene.

Advancements in single-cell techniques for examining the HIV reservoir: pathways to a cure.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is largely incurable, due to the presence of a viral reservoir, which primarily consists of resting CD4 T cells and other long-lived cells like macrophages. These reservoir cells, which persist despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), are thought to be influenced by several key factors such as position and orientation of chromosomal proviral integration, proviral intactness, and antigen specificity. The host's immune status and immune selection pressures also likely play a significant role.

Impact of AI-Generated ADC Maps on Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Feasibility Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the impact of AI-generated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps on diagnostic performance of a 3D U-Net AI model for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and segmentation at biparametric MRI (bpMRI).

Material And Methods: The study population was retrospectively collected and consisted of 178 patients, including 119 cases and 59 controls. Cases had a mean age of 62.

Generative AI and unstructured audio data for precision public health.

In this study, transcribed videos about personal experiences with COVID-19 were used for variant classification. The o1 LLM was used to summarize the transcripts, excluding references to dates, vaccinations, testing methods, and other variables that were correlated with specific variants but unrelated to changes in the disease. This step was necessary to effectively simulate model deployment in the early days of a pandemic when subtle changes in symptomatology may be the only viable biomarkers of disease mutations.

GWAS identifies genetic loci for antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases and healthy individuals.

The efficacy of nucleic acid-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 varies across individuals, partly due to genetic factors influencing neutralizing antibody production. In patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs), this response may be further altered by immune dysregulation. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels and to assess whether these associations differ between SAD patients and healthy individuals.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods by foreign-born adults rise with increased levels of acculturation in the United States.

Objective: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked to increased risks of negative health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and all-cause mortality. Some studies have shown an increase of UPF consumption with acculturation, whereas the influence of the Western diet on non-US born individuals is an area of increasing interest. The aim of this work was to investigate UPF consumption with an acculturation index and to assess whether there was an interaction of UPF consumption with race/ethnicity in non-US born adults.

Three distinct forms of Pneumocystis coexist in individuals of two species of deer mice (genus Peromyscus).

As emerging zoonoses represent a significant public health threat, understanding how pathogens' host ranges evolve is critical to protect human and wildlife health. Closely related hosts infected with host-specific pathogens provide valuable opportunities for clear inferences of host range evolution, as they allow for the examination of early diversification patterns in their resident pathogens. Pneumocystis, an obligate lung symbiont that is believed to be ubiquitous in mammals, exemplifies such a model.

Microfluidic captured patient-derived circulating endothelial cells identify novel targets of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and gene expression abnormalities in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) vary among patients. Existing PAH cell sources, often from lung transplant patients, are influenced by drug treatments and are inadequate for identifying early-stage PAH genes. We propose isolating viable circulating endothelial cells (CECs) from the whole blood of PAH patients to evaluate their potential as surrogates for PAH-ECs and discover novel gene expression profiles relevant to PAH.

Elevating uric acid as an antimalarial target.

Malaria causes hundreds of thousands of deaths each year in children, and many survivors are left with lasting neurological injury. While we have effective parasite-killing drugs, we need treatments that target disease mechanisms to improve outcomes. Bond et al.

Anatomy Insights and Key Pearls for Bronchial Artery Embolization.

Although bronchial artery embolization (BAE) initially emerged as a critical minimally invasive image-guided procedure to manage massive hemoptysis regardless of underlying etiologies, there has been a growing interest in BAE to treat pulmonary malignancies within recent years. This article provides an in-depth exploration of bronchial artery anatomy, pathologies, imaging modalities in guiding effective BAE, and procedural pearls for successful intervention. The complexity of bronchial artery anatomy, including its variations and potential complications during embolization, necessitates thorough understanding and precise procedural techniques to optimize patient outcomes and minimize risks.