Nonthermal plasma jet mitigates viral replication and inflammation in human coronavirus 229E-infected lung cells by targeting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

SARS-CoV-2 is a pressing global health issue, largely driven by uncontrolled viral replication and severe proinflammatory responses. Despite significant technological progress made by humanity, medical science has frequently found itself incapable of effectively addressing pathogenic outbreaks. Nonthermal plasma is a promising technology for combating pathogenic microorganisms.

Unmixed Planar Heterojunction Interfaces Enabling Exceptional Air Stability in Organic Photodetectors.

It is proposed organic photodetectors (OPDs) with immiscible planar heterojunction (PHJ) interfaces can address the air stability challenges of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and pseudo-PHJ OPDs, which suffer from nanomorphology instability. A random polythiophene (RP-T50) containing ≈50 mol% thiophene units with thermocleavable side chains (TCSs) is employed as the electron donor, while [6,6]-phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) served as the electron acceptor. Thermal annealing of RP-T50 (RP-T50-COOH) thin films cleaved the TCSs, rendering the films insoluble and forming a stable, unmixed interface with PCBM.

Plasma treated water with metal ions enhances Pak Choi growth, salinity tolerance and accumulation of primary metabolites.

Salinity stress is a serious environmental threat that has a detrimental impact on agricultural yield and productivity. The effects of plasma-treated water (PTW) and metal ions (M) on Pak Choi growth and salt tolerance genes under salinity stress have not yet been studied. To bridge these gaps, we explored the effects of PTW and PTW + M, prepared using multi-electrode cylindrical dielectric barrier discharged plasma, on Pak Choi seedlings irrigated with 100 mM NaCl solution for 7 d, with an aim to improve plant tolerance to salinity.

Novel biomarker discovery-coupled plasma therapy with enhanced tumor penetration for non-surgical treatment of cervical cancer.

There is a growing need for non-surgical, fertility-preserving treatments for young patients with cervical cancer. This study explores biomarker-driven non-thermal plasma (NTP) therapy as a localized therapeutic strategy with deep tissue penetration, highlighting its potential for controlled oxidative modulation and targeted drug delivery. Screening of ROS-related molecules revealed an association between sensitivity to NTP and the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), with human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E6 and p53 identified as upstream regulators.

A review of photocatalytic decomposition of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous solution.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a key concern in aqueous environments owing to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Photocatalysis offers several advantages for PFAS removal compared to other treatment processes (e.g.

Effects of Gravitational Acceleration on Physical Fitness, Stress, and Immunity Levels of Prospective Air Force Pilots.

In this study, we aimed to measure the change in salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels of Air Force cadets before and after undergoing a G-test; further, we aimed to assess the changes in stress, fatigue, and immunity level of cadets after experiencing gravitational acceleration. Thirty-five senior male cadets from the Republic of Korea Air Force were enroled (age, 20.27 ± 0.

Somatosensory cortical representations of the assimilation effect for vibrotactile stimulation.

Specific sensory pathways are well-described, but relatively less is known about how these different sensory information streams are integrated to create a coherent representation of the external environment. Several sensory illusions can help reveal these integration mechanisms. This study investigated the neural activity patterns associated with the assimilation effect in the perception of vibrotactile stimuli.

Enhanced absorption in organic solar cells via combined anti-reflection and Mie resonance effects in subwavelength ellipsoidal dielectric nanostructures.

This study presents subwavelength ellipsoidal dielectric nanostructures (SEDNs) to enhance absorption in organic solar cells (OSCs) through the combined effects of broadband anti-reflection (AR) and Mie scattering. Strong forward-directed scattering at shorter wavelengths is produced by the simultaneous excitation of both electric and magnetic moments in the SEDN, thereby lengthening the optical path length inside the active layer. Additionally, the SEDNs reduce reflection over a broad wavelength range, further enhancing absorption.

Influence of road roughness and slope on the accumulation and distribution of tire-wear particles and heavy metals in road dust.

Traffic-related non-exhaust emissions, particularly from tire wear and brake wear, significantly contribute to urban road dust pollution and heavy metal accumulation. Despite growing concerns over tire-wear particles (TWP) as a source of microplastic pollution, the influence of road roughness (International Roughness Index, IRI), driving speed, and road slope on TWP generation and heavy-metal deposition remains underexplored. This study systematically investigated these relationships; field measurements were conducted across 57 road segments in Seoul, incorporating IRI assessments, road-dust sampling, and elemental analysis.

Dynamic Growth Monitoring of Based on Microwave Sensor Array.

YPH499 participated in the brewing process of alcoholic products as a key strain. However, there is no effective method for real-time and non-contact monitoring of the dynamic growth of YPH499. In this study, we proposed a nested split-ring resonator (NSRR) array and established a microwave monitoring system for real-time and non-contact monitoring of YPH499.

Application of non-thermal floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge plasma for Salmonella Enteritidis reduction and quality assessment in chicken breasts and skin.

Salmonella Enteritidis-primarily associated with chicken-is a global cause of foodborne enteritis in humans. However, no studies have confirmed or evaluated the effectiveness of floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) plasma treatment on S. Enteritidis in raw chicken breasts or chicken skin.

Enhancing Ferroptosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via the Synergistic Action of Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma and a Bioactive Phenolic Compound.

Para-coumaric acid (p-CA) is a phenolic compound that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties which make it potential for cancer treatment. However, its effectiveness has been limited by poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and poor absorptivity. Nonthermal biocompatible pressure plasma (NBP) has gained attention as a cancer treatment due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), inducing oxidative stress that damages cancer cells.

Amplification-Free CRISPR/Cas12a-Based Electrochemical Biosensor with Enhanced Sensitivity for Viral Detection.

To detect contagious viral nucleic acids, traditional biosensors often require target amplification steps or use fluorescence and Raman probes tagged on nucleic acids, which are time-consuming, complex, and expensive. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas12a has received the attraction for development of nucleic acid biosensors, beyond its conventional role-like gene editing, but the enhancement of the sensitivity of CRISPR/Cas-based biosensors is still required to simplify the biosensing steps. Here, we develop a CRISPR/Cas12a-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of viral nucleic acids in a simple manner.

Assessment of Metals Toxicity Using a Nitrifying Bacteria Bioassay Kit Based on Oxygen Consumption.

The escalating concentrations of emerging contaminants in water systems and the possible environmental threats they emphasize the necessity for more sophisticated methods in the evaluation of water quality. Traditional bioassays raise ethical concerns, require intricate procedures, entail significant expenses, and only allow for endpoint measurements. The using of nitrifying bacteria in bioassays has resulted in increased sensitivity to a wide range of toxic substances, making them valuable for the identification of water pollution.

Imbalanced feature generation based on bootstrap power spectral curve for estimating respiratory rate.

Rapid respiratory rate (RR) changes in older adults may indicate serious illness. Therefore, accurately estimating RR for cardiorespiratory fitness is essential. However, machine learning algorithm-related errors are unsuitable for medical decision-making processes because some data have a much larger sample size in the training set than in other sets.

IoT-based filter management system using reinforced ANFIS for VOCs reduction in urban industrial facilities.

This study proposes a low-cost, IoT-based multi-sensor system for monitoring volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and predicting activated carbon filter replacement in small-scale industrial settings. Sensor modules composed of low-cost VOC sensors were installed at the exhaust of adsorption towers to enable real-time monitoring. To improve measurement accuracy, a Reinforced Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (RANFIS) was developed for VOC concentration prediction, incorporating dynamic outlier detection and correction.

Exploring the combined effects of plasma-treated water and seaweed biostimulants on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and bioactive performance.

This study investigates the combine effects of seaweed biostimulants (Swb) and nonthermal plasma (NTP)-treated water on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of tomato seedlings along with phenolic compound levels under sorbitol-mediated drought stress. Plasma-treated seaweed biostimulants (PTSwb) showed a considerable increase in seed germination, with 86 % on day 2 and 100 % on day 4, whereas the control (46 % and 66 %) and Swb alone (53 % and 73 %) exhibited reduced effects. PTSwb elevated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) along with chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein content.

Lightweight and Efficient Authentication and Key Distribution Scheme for Cloud-Assisted IoT for Telemedicine.

Medical Internet of Things (IoT) systems are crucial in monitoring the health status of patients. Recently, telemedicine services that manage patients remotely by receiving real-time health information from IoT devices attached to or carried by them have experienced significant growth. A primary concern in medical IoT services is ensuring the security of transmitted information and protecting patient privacy.

TRANSLATIONAL APPLICATION OF COLD ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA IN PERIODONTOLOGY AND IMPLANTOLOGY: WHERE ARE WE? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF IN VIVO STUDIES IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL MODELS.

Aim: The utilization of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in dentistry presents a promising avenue for novel therapeutic interventions. This systematic review of in vivo studies aimed at summarizing the existing evidence regarding the efficacy of CAP as a treatment for biofilms associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis. The objective was to advance the definition and standardization of protocols and facilitate the integration of CAP treatment as a chair-side practice.

Wireless Passive Flexible Radio Frequency Tactile Sensor for Material Recognition.

Developing intelligent tactile systems for perceiving the real world is significant for electronic skin and wearable devices. However, avoiding complex circuitry and achieving lightweight and wireless tactile devices remain challenging. This study presents a biomimetic, ultrasensitive, and multifunctional wireless radio frequency tactile sensor (WiRFTS), which comprises a porous polyaniline-polydimethylsiloxane (PANI-PDMS) sponge, pressure electrodes, and a communication coil.

Lightweight Pre-Trained Korean Language Model Based on Knowledge Distillation and Low-Rank Factorization.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) stands as a forefront of artificial intelligence research, empowering computational systems to comprehend and process human language as used in everyday contexts. Language models (LMs) underpin this field, striving to capture the intricacies of linguistic structure and semantics by assigning probabilities to sequences of words. The trend towards large language models (LLMs) has shown significant performance improvements with increasing model size.

Regioselective formal hydrocyanation of allenes: synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated nitriles with α-all-carbon quaternary centers.

This study introduces a highly selective hydrocyanation method based on copper-catalyzed hydroalumination of allenes with diisobutylaluminum hydride, followed by the regio- and stereoselective allylation with -toluenesulfonyl cyanide. The proposed methodology is efficient for accessing acyclic β,γ-unsaturated nitriles with α-all-carbon quaternary centers and achieves yields up to 99% and excellent regio- and -selectivity. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and shows broad applicability to di- and trisubstituted allenes.

The Structural Effect of a Composite Solid Electrolyte on Electrochemical Performance and Fire Safety.

In this study, we investigated the structural effect of composite solid electrolytes of Al-doped LLZO and PVDF-HFP (0D_Al-LLZO@PVDF-HFP and 1D_Al-LLZO@PVDF-HFP) on electrochemical (EC) performance and fire safety through a systematic evaluation and comparative tests. The unique structure and advantageous features of composite solid electrolytes (1D_Al-LLZO@PVDF-HFP) were highlighted by comparing controls (PVDF-HFP and 0D_Al-LLZO@PVDF-HFP) with physicochemical and electrochemical analyses and fire safety tests The structure and morphology of Al-doped LLZO/PVDF-HFP composites were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while their chemical functionalities and free ion clusters were examined with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The 1D_Al-LLZO@PVDF-HFP composite with a 1D structured Al-LLZO filler network in the PVDF-HFP matrix could effectively regulate the crystallinity of PVDF-HFP and facilitated lithium salt dissociation, resulting in a high lithium-ion transference number and ionic conductivity.

Machine learning classifier solving the problem of sleep stage imbalance between overnight sleep.

Feature extraction follows the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) sleep score manually and applies it to machine learning with a focus on the generalization of sleep data to enable data-centric artificial intelligence. In real-world clinical testing, the manual scoring of sleep stages is time-consuming and requires significant expertise. Additionally, it is subject to interobserver subjective bias.

Diffusion-Phys: noise-robust heart rate estimation from facial videos via diffusion models.

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) offers significant potential for health monitoring and emotional analysis through non-contact physiological measurement from facial videos. However, noise remains a crucial challenge, limiting the generalizability of current rPPG methods. This paper introduces Diffusion-Phys, a novel framework using diffusion models for robust heart rate (HR) estimation from facial videos.