Antibacterial and anticancer activity of multifunctional iron-based magnetic nanoparticles against urinary tract infection and cystitis-related bacterial strains and bladder cancer cells.

Purpose: This study investigates the antibacterial and anticancer activity of previously reported iron oxide (FeO)-based nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with chlorin e6 and folic acid (FCF) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a human bladder cancer (BC) (T-24) cell line and three bacterial strains.

Method: To investigate the potential applicability of the synthesized NPs as therapeutic agents for image-based photodynamic BC therapy, their photodynamic anticancer activity was analyzed and the mechanisms of cell death in T-24 cells treated with these NPs were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively through atomic absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, and transmission electron microscopy.

Results: The effective localization of FCF NPs in T-24 cells were confirmed, validating their excellent cellular fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging capabilities.

Acetone Gas Sensors for Noninvasive Diabetes Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review.

The development of sensors for monitoring breath acetone, a key biomarker for ketosis in diabetes mellitus, represents a critical frontier in medical diagnostics, promising a painless alternative to invasive blood tests. This review provides a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the state-of-the-art in acetone gas sensing technologies, including chemiresistive, optical, electrochemical, conductometric, and microwave platforms. We focus specifically on recent breakthroughs driven by advanced materials, analyzing how novel nanostructures from two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MXenes to porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are engineered to push performance to clinically relevant parts-per-billion (ppb) sensitivity.

Forensic analysis and evaluation of file-wiping applications in Android OS.

Anti-forensics refers to techniques designed to obstruct the discovery of evidence in digital forensic investigations. File-wiping is one of the anti-forensic techniques that make data recovery impossible by overwriting data with specific patterns. This technique poses significant challenges to investigators.

Local nonequilibrium thermodynamics of polymer collapse dynamics.

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics plays a crucial role in understanding a wide range of physical and chemical processes. While significant advances have been made through frameworks, such as the fluctuation theorem, it remains challenging to define thermodynamic quantities, such as energy, entropy, and free energy, at the local level during nonequilibrium processes. Recently, Jinwoo and Tanaka [Sci.

Augmented reality-guided pedicle screw fixation: an experimental study.

Study Design: Cadaveric experimental study.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of pedicle screw placement using a custom-developed augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw fixation (ARPSF) system in a porcine spine model.

Overview Of Literature: Conventional pedicle screw placement techniques face limitations including potential inaccuracy, radiation exposure, and workflow disruption.

Unraveling the adsorption mechanisms of cationic dyes on defective UiO-66: Insights from kinetics, isotherms, and spectroscopic analyses.

The efficient removal of cationic dyes from wastewater is crucial because of their environmental persistence and toxicity. This study investigates the adsorption behavior of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) onto defective UiO-66 (dUiO-66), which is a metal-organic framework (MOF) with enhanced porosity and surface chemistry. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the rate-limiting step is affected by the concentrations of both adsorbent and adsorbate.

Restorative Effects of Low-Temperature Post-Sulfur Annealing on Device Performance of Monolayer MoS Transistors for NMOS Inverters.

The restorative effects of sulfur (S)-passivation through low-temperature (160 °C) post-S annealing on the performance and stability of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS) field-effect transistors (FETs) are investigated. S-passivation suppresses S vacancies in the monolayer MoS channel, restoring its intrinsic electrical and material properties and leading to enhancements in field-effect mobility from 8 to 95 cm V s and subthreshold swing from 0.21 to 0.

Non-contact radiofrequency stimulation to the olfactory nerve of human subjects.

Damage to the olfactory nerve, caused by aging, trauma, or neurological disorders, can lead to smell loss, negatively impacting quality of life, taste perception, safety, and emotional well-being. Currently, olfactory training, which involves exposure to aromatic odorants, is the most widely used treatment. While this method provides some benefit, it does not offer a fundamental cure.

Strategic advances in liposomes technology: translational paradigm in transdermal delivery for skin dermatosis.

Liposomes, spherical vesicles made of phospholipids and cholesterol, have captivated researchers for their encapsulation abilities, biocompatibility, and versatility. This review delves into the core aspects and benefits of liposomal technology for enhancing transdermal drug delivery in treating skin dermatosis. It offers an extensive overview of liposomes, emphasizing various preparation methods, classification, and encapsulation techniques.

Investigating Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, and Enzymatic Activity in Onion () Under the Influence of Plasma-Treated Water.

Seed germination and early seedling growth are pivotal stages that define crop establishment and yield potential. Conventional agrochemicals used to improve these processes often raise environmental concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. In this study, we demonstrated that water treated with cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (c-DBD) plasma, enriched with nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), markedly enhanced onion () seed germination and seedling vigor.

Bio-Inspired SA-FA Bionic Dual Receptor Electronic Skin for Intelligent Gesture and Material Cognition Systems Enhanced by Static-Dynamic Mutual Interaction.

Traditional electronic skins (e-skins) face significant challenges in system integration and practical usability demonstrations, limiting their ability to meet the development demands of robot intellectualization under future artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks. Here, a bionic dual receptor (BDR) e-skin motivated by AI-based hardware-software coordination is proposed, which consists of electrospinning fiber triboelectric unit inspired by fast-adapting receptors and micropyramid ionic hydrogel iontronic unit inspired by slow-adapting receptors. Benefiting from the iontronic effect and micropyramid structure, the iontronic unit yields impressive features: a linear sensitivity of 172 kPa (30 kPa), a fast response/recovery time of 11.

Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Induces Osteogenic Activity in Osteoblasts through the ROS/WNT Signaling Axis.

Nonthermal plasma (NTP) has garnered attention for its potential in various biological activities. Due to the interactions with proteins and other cellular components, NTPs might stimulate osteoblast activity, but the exact mechanisms are still unknown. This study used two kinds of NTP: dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and jet NTP (JNTP) to treat serum-free cell culture media at different time intervals.

Acidic Additives Enable Tunable Low Temperature Side Chain Cleavage and Performance Enhancement in Organic Photovoltaics.

Thermal elimination of alkyl side chains from solution-processed organic semiconductors is a proven technique to maximize desirable properties such as conductivity, optical density, and thermal stability. However, conventional thermolysis (>200 °C, 10-30 min) of tertiary butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-based side chains has consistently resulted in poor performance metrics across various types of devices (such as organic photovoltaics), which is often attributed to uncontrolled/undesired morphology from high annealing temperatures. To circumvent high temperatures while retaining benefits associated with removing alkyl chains, we present a new acid-catalyzed cleavage (ACC) method where acidic additives coprocessed with organic semiconductors enable alkyl-chain removal at mild annealing temperatures (90-140 °C within 30 min).

Advancements in exosome-based cancer diagnosis: from chipsets to nano vaccine.

Exosome-based therapies represent a pioneering frontier in cancer treatment, leveraging the natural cellular communication mechanisms encapsulated in exosomes. These nano-sized vesicles serve as carriers of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, reflecting the physiological state of their cells of origin, which makes them ideal candidates for targeted cancer therapies and diagnostics. Despite their potential, the path to clinical application is fraught with challenges.

In vitro study of cold atmospheric plasma-induced proliferation inhibition and morphological changes in head and neck carcinoma cell lines.

Objectives: The use of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been growing in medical field. Since limited data exist on the influence of CAP exposure on head and neck cancer (HNC) cells, we aimed to investigate in vitro its impact on proliferation and morphology of HNC (HSC2, HSC3, and FaDu) cells, as well as healthy gingival fibroblasts (hGF).

Methods: A CAP gas air jet was applied directly on the HSC2, HSC3, FaDu and hGF cells for 30 and 60 s; doxorubicin has been used as positive control.

Identification of Ni-N Active Sites in Atomically Dispersed Ni Catalysts for Efficient Chlorine Evolution Reaction.

Chlorine (Cl) is one of the most important chemicals in the chemical industry, which is primarily produced by the electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) in the chlor-alkali process. While platinum-group metal (PGM)-based dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) have dominated over the last half century, atomically dispersed catalysts (ADCs) have recently emerged as a promising class of CER catalysts; however, they still rely on PGMs. In this work, we prepared a series of non-PGM (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu)-based ADCs and investigated their CER reactivity trends.

Enhancing Cycle Stability in LiNiO with Phase transition suppression via Crystalline Disordered Surface Layer.

Ni-rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries but require improved stability to meet performance demands. To address this, doping and surface modification are commonly employed stabilization strategies, each offering distinct benefits. Doping primarily suppresses phase transitions, thereby reducing volume changes, while surface coatings protect the material by minimizing continuous reactions with electrolytes during cycling.

Cultivation Optimization and Structural Characterization of for Sustainable High-Quality Biosilica Production.

This study investigates the potential use of the freshwater centric diatom as a sustainable source of high-purity biosilica. We analyzed its morphology, microstructure, and optimal culture conditions, and developed a pretreatment method to recover intact biosilica frustules. The isolated diatoms exhibited small and uniform cell sizes (8-10 μm) with distinctive features such as regularly arranged spines, striae, and fultoportulae.

Dual-phoretic wireless device for directionally oriented and carrier-free targeted drug delivery.

Drug localization, release control, and penetration into solid tissues through biological tight junctions are crucial for the treatment of localized diseases with biological barriers by maximizing therapeutic efficacy of the drug and minimizing damage to normal organs. Here, we introduce a dual-phoretic wireless drug delivery system that harnesses the physical control of ion transportation: electrophoresis for controllable release and iontophoresis for directional penetration. Adjustable, pulsatile, and repeatable drug release under biological conditions is achieved using ion diodes and Zn-based electrochemical cells.

Electrical Performance and Deep-Level Trap Characterization of p-CuGaO/β-GaO Heterojunctions for Power Electronics.

The development of β-GaO-based power devices is hindered by the absence of effective p-type doping, limiting the realization of high-performance bipolar devices. In this study, we investigate the electrical characteristics and deep-level trap states of p-CuGaO/β-GaO heterojunction (HJ), offering a promising alternative for power electronics. Electrical characterization of the p-CuGaO/β-GaO HJ reveals a reduced and lower compared to a Pt/β-GaO SBD.

Direct conversion of methane to value-added hydrocarbons using alkali metal-promoted cobalt catalysts.

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a promising pathway for directly converting methane into higher hydrocarbons (C). This research investigated the influence of alkali metal promoters (Li, Na, K, or Rb) on Co/AlO catalysts prepared based on incipient wetness impregnation for the OCM reaction. The catalyst investigations demonstrated that the catalysts promoted with K and Rb had superior performance, with the 4.

Adaptations of bite force and masseter muscle thickness to high-intensity physical training in professional athletes: a comparative cross-sectional study.

Background: This study investigated how prolonged high-intensity physical training influences bite force and masseter muscle thickness, which are key indicators of adaptation in the masticatory system. Understanding the relationship between these variables may provide insights into occlusal function and performance optimization in professional athletes.

Methods: Thirty-four male wrestlers (Pro: 13; Npro: 21; age: 26.

A multimodal approach for ADHD with coexisting ASD detection for children.

Identifying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with coexisting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for children is a challenging issue due to their complexity and overlapping symptoms. This study investigated from handwriting and executive function viewpoints simultaneously and developed a novel multimodal approach for identifying ADHD with coexisting ASD by fusing pen tablet and fNIRs data. This study used pen tablet and fNIRs device to compare writing dynamics and brain activity between ADHD with coexisting ASD and typically developing (TD) children during handwriting patterns.