Anatomical Guideline for Retrobulbar Hyaluronidase Injection.

Background: Vision loss following cosmetic filler injections is a rare but devastating complication resulting from inadvertent intravascular embolization, most often affecting the ophthalmic artery. Retrobulbar hyaluronidase injection has been proposed as an emergency intervention, yet anatomical guidelines for its administration remain poorly defined.

Objective: To propose an anatomically informed protocol for safe and effective retrobulbar hyaluronidase injection in cases of filler-induced central retinal artery occlusion.

Treatment of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation Following Acne With Microneedling and Panax Ginseng-Derived Exosomes.

This case report evaluated the efficacy of microneedling therapy system (MTS) combined with topical exosome therapy for the treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) following acne. Two patients were included in the study: a 32-year-old woman with scattered PIH on her forehead, cheeks, nose, and perioral area, and a 37-year-old man with hyperpigmentation on both cheeks. Both patients underwent 3 sessions of MTS spaced 3 weeks apart, followed by the immediate application of a topical exosome (P198 RECORE SB PLUS, P198 ExoNature, Primoris International Co.

Quantifying the Strength of the Facial Ligaments and Its Clinical Implications.

Background: Our understanding of facial anatomy has expanded recently through the introduction of the concept of facial biomechanics. A pivotal aspect in the concept of facial biomechanics is the presence of facial ligaments, which, by anchoring the layered soft tissue envelope of the face, create zones of adhesion that are essential pillars of the biomechanics of the face. This study analyzes the force required to penetrate the major facial ligaments forming the line of ligaments.

Adaptations of bite force and masseter muscle thickness to high-intensity physical training in professional athletes: a comparative cross-sectional study.

Background: This study investigated how prolonged high-intensity physical training influences bite force and masseter muscle thickness, which are key indicators of adaptation in the masticatory system. Understanding the relationship between these variables may provide insights into occlusal function and performance optimization in professional athletes.

Methods: Thirty-four male wrestlers (Pro: 13; Npro: 21; age: 26.

Integrating motion capture technology and intraoral ultrasonography for 3D anatomical analysis.

The inherent two-dimensional (2D) nature of ultrasonography (US) limits its accuracy in visualizing complex intraoral structures. This proof-of-concept feasibility study introduces a novel approach integrating motion-capture technology and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction to overcome these limitations and improve anatomical interpretation. Two healthy Korean volunteers underwent real-time 2D B-mode intraoral US (11.

A Novel Approach for Facial Slimming Using Injectable Ascorbic Acid and Ferrous Gluconate: A Case Report.

Minimising facial adiposity is a growing esthetic concern for individuals seeking a slimmer facial appearance. While various surgical and nonsurgical approaches have been used, innovative methods for noninvasive facial contouring continue to emerge. This report presents a case of facial slimming utilising a novel injectable solution comprising ascorbic acid and ferrous gluconate, prepared in a 1:9 ratio.

Topographical Anatomy of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve: A Cadaveric Study on Anatomical Patterns and Clinical Implications.

The notable anatomical variability of the superficial fibular nerve (SFN) affects clinical and surgical procedures that involve it. The aim of this study was to analyze the course and branching patterns of the SFNs relative to bony landmarks to provide foundational data for surgical precision and thereby minimize iatrogenic injuries. Thirty-four embalmed Korean cadavers were dissected.

Sonoanatomy of the Nasal Ala for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection.

Background: The nasal ala region significantly affects facial aesthetics and function. Botulinum toxin injections may enhance nasal appearance, but their precise impact on underlying muscles remains unexplored. Understanding the muscular anatomy and behavior in this area is crucial for optimizing toxin application and achieving desired outcomes.

A Prospective Study of Exosome Therapy for Androgenetic Alopecia.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts patients' psychological well-being and quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as minoxidil and finasteride, have limited efficacy and undesirable side effects. Exosome therapy, which uses extracellular vesicles to promote tissue regeneration, offers a promising alternative.

Lateral Eyebrow Lifting and Eye-Opening Point Injection With Botulinum Neurotoxin: Anatomical Perspective.

Background: The orbicularis oculi muscle plays a critical role in eye-opening and closure. Identifying precise injection sites for botulinum neurotoxin can improve both functional and esthetic outcomes, particularly for conditions like blepharospasm or ptosis.

Materials And Methods: Three fresh cadavers were dissected, separating soft tissues from bones to observe the muscle layers.

Nonsurgical Correction of Deviated Nose Using Hyaluronic Acid Fillers.

Background: Nonsurgical correction of a deviated nose using hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional rhinoplasty. This study presents a series of cases demonstrating the efficacy of HA fillers in achieving improved nasal symmetry and alignment.

Methods: Five female patients, aged 23 to 44, with varying degrees of nasal deviation, were treated with HA fillers.

Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Increasing Head Circumference and Contouring Cephalic Flatness: An Innovative Approach.

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.

Discovery of the Ligament of Modiolus: Anatomical Insights and Clinical Relevance.

The modiolus is a critical anatomical structure in facial expressions and oral competence, serving as a hub where multiple muscles converge. Our recent cadaveric study has identified a previously unreported structure, the ligament of modiolus, aligning with the line of ligament between the modiolus and its adjacent muscular and fascial attachments. This novel finding offers new perspectives on the anatomical organisation of the perioral region and its functional significance.

sp. nov., Isolated from the Marine Sponge, , and Reclassification of as comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic rods, designated as strain 219JJ12-13, was isolated from a marine sponge, , in Jeju-do, Republic of Korea. The cells displayed catalase and oxidase activity and were non-motile. Strain 219JJ12-13 grew at 10-37°C (optimum, 25-30°C), pH 6.

Why Does an "Avatar Nose" Appear After Dermal Filler Injection? Insights From a Cadaveric Study on the Nasofrontal Ligament.

Background: Nonsurgical rhinoplasty (NSR) with dermal fillers has gained popularity because of its immediate and visible results, minimal downtime, and long-lasting effects. However, complications such as filler migration can lead to the development of the "Avatar nose," a condition where the nose appears unnaturally wide and bulbous in the nasion area, disrupting facial harmony. This phenomenon is often exacerbated by the presence of a taut nasofrontal ligament, which tethers the periosteum to the dermal layer and influences nasal contour.

Facial Thread Lifting Complications: Underlying Causes.

Introduction: Thread lifting procedures are becoming increasingly popular for facial rejuvenation. However, various complications can arise during these procedures, many of which are influenced by anatomic factors.

Methods: In this section, the authors explore the potential side effects associated with thread lifting and emphasize the anatomic structures that require careful attention.

Injection Techniques for Filler Procedures With Illustration: Narrative Review.

This narrative review explores the various injection techniques utilized in facial filler procedures, emphasizing their applications, benefits, and potential complications. The increasing demand for total facial contouring and rejuvenation has led to a rise in the use of volumizing fillers and the integration of these procedures with other treatments such as toxins, threads, lasers, radiofrequency, and ultrasound. Achieving satisfactory results necessitates a comprehensive understanding of facial anatomy and the effects of aging on skin tissue.

Anatomy-based Filler Injection: Diagnosis to Treatment Techniques for the Glabellar Region.

Glabellar filler injections are a popular non-surgical approach to address depressions and wrinkles caused by aging, muscle activity, and soft tissue loss. An anatomy-based technique emphasizes understanding the complex structure of the glabellar region, including the corrugator supercilii and procerus muscles, and the superficial vascular pathways, such as the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries. Effective treatment involves precise filler placement, often combined with botulinum toxin to address both volume loss and dynamic wrinkles.

Anatomical etiology of bunny lines based on cadaveric dissection and ultrasonographic evaluation.

Bunny lines are vertical and diagonal wrinkles attributed to contractions of the nasalis muscle. Common management involves botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections into wrinkles immediately below the nasal bridge. Here, we investigated the anatomical structures underneath bunny lines and their relationships with adjacent muscular structures.

Vertex Augmentation With Hyaluronic Acid Filler: A Novel Technique for Height Enhancement and Cephalic Contouring.

Height augmentation and cephalic contouring using hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers represent an innovative approach in minimally invasive aesthetic medicine. This study introduces a novel technique for vertex augmentation, leveraging cross-linked HA fillers to achieve subtle height enhancement and cephalic contouring. A 42-year-old male patient seeking non-surgical height augmentation underwent vertex injections with 15 ml of HA filler (e.

Non-invasive procedure implementation for enhanced smile facial muscle movement after orthognathic surgery: a case report.

This study examined the case of 27-year-old female who underwent orthognathic surgery to correct class 3 malocclusion, resulting in an unnatural smile. The research aimed to assess the efficacy of non-invasive treatment in enhancing facial muscle movement during smiling to achieve a natural smile. The patient received eight sessions of treatment using non-invasive devices, and facial assessment were conducted using three-dimensional scanner (Morpheus 3D Scanner) to evaluate facial features in both relaxed and maximum smile states pre- and post-treatment.

Assessing the health of climate-sensitive trees in a subalpine ecosystem through microbial community dynamics.

Climate change has significantly affected the subalpine ecosystems, leading to mass die-offs of the Korean fir tree, a key climate-sensitive species in these environments. Proactive analysis of the phenotypic responses of these trees to climate change or the establishment of preemptive strategies for trees to adapt to these environmental changes remains a challenge. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of climate change on the health of Korean fir (Abies koreana) in the subalpine ecosystem of Jirisan Mountain, South Korea.