Unmixed Planar Heterojunction Interfaces Enabling Exceptional Air Stability in Organic Photodetectors.

It is proposed organic photodetectors (OPDs) with immiscible planar heterojunction (PHJ) interfaces can address the air stability challenges of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and pseudo-PHJ OPDs, which suffer from nanomorphology instability. A random polythiophene (RP-T50) containing ≈50 mol% thiophene units with thermocleavable side chains (TCSs) is employed as the electron donor, while [6,6]-phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) served as the electron acceptor. Thermal annealing of RP-T50 (RP-T50-COOH) thin films cleaved the TCSs, rendering the films insoluble and forming a stable, unmixed interface with PCBM.

Risk factors of CVDs among residents of resource-limited rural settings. Preliminary findings based on a cross-sectional study, Ghana.

Backgrounds: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors lead to morbidity and mortality among adults globally. In Ghana, there is a lack of coordinated efforts at all levels of healthcare service to prevent risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assessed cardiovascular disease risk factors among residents of resource-limited rural settings.

Development of Public Health Center-Based Culturally Tailored Hypertension Self-Care Intervention Among Adults in Rural Ghana.

Objectives: Develop a primary health care-based nurse-led culturally tailored hypertension self-care intervention for rural residents.

Design: The culturally tailored hypertension self-care intervention was developed using a six-step intervention mapping approach that involved: needs assessment using literature review and interviews; setting program goals using integrated thematic synthesis method; selecting intervention modules through the process dimension of the self-care theory of chronic illness; producing program components and materials by developing intervention modules using the motivational interviewing and behavior change techniques; planning program adoption by encouraging sustainable behavior; and evaluation using the education content validity index in health and the intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility scale.

Measurements: Education content validity index in health and the intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility scale.

Analysis of factors affecting pedestrian safety for the elderly and identification of vulnerable areas in Seoul.

Walking is the primary means of mobility and a daily activity for the elderly. Despite the need to ensure pedestrian safety given their physical limitations, elderly pedestrian traffic accidents in South Korea occur at a rate 7.7 times higher than in OECD member countries.

IDH2 regulates macrophage polarization and tumorigenesis by modulating mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages.

Background: Targeting the tumor microenvironment represents an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer. Macrophages are an essential part of the tumor microenvironment. Macrophage polarization is modulated by mitochondrial metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and reactive oxygen species content.

Qualitative Comparison of Perceptions Regarding Patient Engagement for Patient Safety by Physicians, Nurses, and Patients.

Purpose: Patient engagement in ensuring patient safety is widely acknowledged, there is still a need to explore how perceptions of patient engagement vary among different stakeholders within the healthcare system. We aimed to compare the perceptions regarding patient engagement for patient safety among physicians, nurses, and patients by exploring the perspectives.

Patients And Methods: A qualitative study, comprising three focus group discussions (six to eight people each), was conducted in South Korea.

Prioritization of research engaged with rare disease stakeholders: a systematic review and thematic analysis.

Background: Although rare diseases (RD) are increasingly becoming a priority for healthcare activities and services around the world, developing research policy for investigating RD in public settings proves challenging due to the limited nature of existing evidence. Rare conditions require the involvement of a wide range of stakeholders in order to promote general awareness and garner political support. Consequently, it is critically important to identify trends in the various types of research focusing on rare disease stakeholders, including the specific topics or issues to be included in surveys and studies focused on RD stakeholders.

Testing the Effect of an Interactive Narrative: The Mediating Role of Transportation and the Moderating Roles of Narrative Ending and Issue Involvement.

There has been a growing literature focusing on the persuasive effect of interactive narratives, but the findings are mixed. Furthermore, very few studies have examined how the impact of interactive narratives varies depending on story features and characteristics of the recipients. Informed by the research of interactive narratives and message framing, the current study empirically tests the indirect effect of an interactive narrative on attitude change using a digital anti-indoor tanning game, with transportation as a mediator and narrative ending and issue involvement as two second-stage moderators.

Evaluating a game-based randomized experiment to increase melanoma identification among adults living in the U.S.

Background: Although cutaneous melanoma diagnoses are rising, morbidity and mortality can be reduced through early detection. This investigation seeks to improve melanoma identification accuracy, attitudes, and intentions among a lay population by comparing the effectiveness of different melanoma identification training strategies and the effect of real-time decisional feedback on a melanoma identification task. We developed an innovative, game-based approach and hypothesize differences among frequently used melanoma identification training modalities (i.

Consent for Intimate Exams on Unconscious Patients: Sharpening Legislative Efforts.

The practice of nonconsensual intimate exams performed on unconscious patients by medical students during their training has received significant attention in the last several years. Clinicians, medical students, bioethicists, lawyers, and the public have called for explicit and specific consent to take place before all educational intimate examinations of unconscious patients. In response, since January of 2019, dozens of bills have been proposed in more than twenty states, and thirteen of these have been signed into law (in addition to six that passed before 2019).

From Compliance to Adherence in Diabetes Self-Care: Examining the Role of Patient's Potential for Mindful Non-Adherence and Physician-Patient Communication.

Purpose: To examine factors that facilitate an understanding of the relationship between two important, and often interchangeably used, concepts in diabetes management: compliance and adherence.

Design: A cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Online data collection.

Macrophage peroxiredoxin 5 deficiency promotes lung cancer progression via ROS-dependent M2-like polarization.

Strategies for cancer treatment have traditionally focused on suppressing cancer cell behavior, but many recent studies have demonstrated that regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) can also inhibit disease progression. Macrophages are major TME components, and the direction of phenotype polarization is known to regulate tumor behavior, with M2-like polarization promoting progression. It is also known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages drive M2 polarization, and M2 polarization promote lung cancer progression.

Evaluating a Transformational Health Game to Influence Perceptions of the Condoms-as-Evidence Policy.

Some countries treat carrying condoms as evidence of prostitution, commonly referred to as "condoms-as-evidence" policy/practice. This policy has deleterious outcomes on the health and safety of sex workers worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of a simulation game that advocates against the policy in an effort to increase advocacy attitudes and intentions against condoms-as-evidence policies and practices.

Emergency department utilization and risk factors for mortality in older patients: an analysis of Korean National Emergency Department Information System data.

Objective: With trends in population aging an increasing number of older patients are visiting the emergency department (ED). This study aimed to identify the characteristics of ED utilization and risk factors for in-hospital mortality in older patients who visited EDs.

Methods: This nationwide observational study used National Emergency Department Information System data collected during a 2-year period from January 2016 to December 2017.

The Interplay between Message Framing and Message Recipients' Regulatory Focus in Promoting HPV Prevention Strategies.

Limited awareness and low uptake rate of Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention strategies among females require the development of more effective educational interventions. Regulatory focus theory posits the matching of framing valence with the recipients' regulatory focus increases persuasiveness. Following regulatory focus theory, we examined how individual regulatory focus changed the effects of gain- and loss-framed messages on promoting consistent condom use and HPV DNA testing for HPV prevention.

Determinants of Legislation on Social Health Insurance in Transition Countries.

This study aims to address the question: Why did transition countries enact laws related to social health insurance (SHI) at different times, even though they experienced dissolution of the Soviet Union at the same time in the early 1990s? We used Ragin's fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the configurations of causal conditions that affected the speed of developing SHI-related legislation in 24 post-socialist countries. The potential causal conditions were health status, economic status, level of governance, level of democracy, issue salience, and number of medical professionals. We found 3 pathways that led to the enactment of SHI-related laws and 1 pathway that inhibits enactment.

A Meta-analysis of Narrative Game-based Interventions for Promoting Healthy Behaviors.

Health interventions that use serious games have become increasingly popular. However, many of these games have been designed with few immersive game features which would improve users' engagement with the persuasive messages. To address this issue, researchers have incorporated narrative elements in games to facilitate message processing and enhance behavioral change.

A Comparison of Metaphor Modality and Appeals in the Context of Skin Cancer Prevention.

Health communication experts continually seek out effective strategies to strengthen persuasive campaigns. While there is evidence that verbal metaphors can improve persuasion, little attention has been given to the potential of visual metaphors to enhance health communication effects. To fill this gap, an experiment was conducted to test the effects of metaphor modality (visual vs.

Cultural factors influencing teenage pregnancy in Jamaica.

A literature review was undertaken to identify key factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Jamaica. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we first categorised these factors to develop a theoretical taxonomy that can be used to help health intervention planners to understand and address the phenomenon. Next, we examined the validity of this initial taxonomy by comparing it with cultural factors identified in semi-structured focus group discussions with Jamaican teenage mothers.

The effects of continuity of care on hospital utilization in patients with knee osteoarthritis: analysis of Nationwide insurance data.

Background: Korea's rapidly aging population has led to a rise in the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (which reached upwards of 21.3% in 2017) in elderly people aged 65 years and over. Most patients with knee osteoarthritis require ongoing management in the community or through primary care.

Use of Western Medicine and Traditional Korean Medicine for Joint Disorders: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis Based on Korean Nationwide Insurance Data.

This study aimed to compare the usage of Western medicine and traditional Korean medicine for treating joint disorders in Korea. Data of claims from all medical institutions with billing statements filed to HIRA from 2011 to 2014 for the four most frequent joint disorders were used for the analysis. Data from a total of 1,100,018 patients who received medical services from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed.

Interpersonal Communication in Response to an Intervention and Its Impact on Smoking Cessation Within a Low-Income Population.

Background: It is a priority to develop population-based strategies for reducing barriers to smoking cessation among low-income populations. Harnessing secondary transmission such as interpersonal communication (IC) has helped to reduce tobacco use, but there is a dearth of quasi-experimental research that examines IC and the full spectrum of smoking cessation behaviors, particularly in the context of population-level programs.

Aims: Using quasi-experimental methods, we examined IC in response to a population-level intervention and its impact on the full spectrum of smoking cessation outcomes among low-income smokers.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING DOMESTIC PUBLIC HEALTH LAW AND LEGAL SYSTEMS SUPPORTING GLOBAL HEALTH GOVERNANCE: DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS THE DOMESTIC PUBLIC HEALTH LAW SITUATION IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION COUNTRIES.

The aims of this study are to present an argument that emphasizes the usefulness of an analysis framework for analyzing public health law and legal systems; identifying methods for improving the application of this framework, including its academic value for public health law; and enhancing the future use of the framework for supporting global health governance. To help formulate the initial analysis framework and tool, we have, along with expert consultations, conducted a literature review on global health governance and public health law. Meetings were also held with World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO) technical staff members on the applicability and benefits of the framework and tool.