Lithium Metal Ingrowth Toward a Porous Structure via Coble Creep along Lithium-Carbon Interface Without Ionic Conductors.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), equipped with highly ion-conductive sulfide solid electrolytes and utilizing lithium plating/stripping as anode electrochemistry, suffer from 1) chemical vulnerability of the electrolytes with lithium and 2) physical growth of lithium to penetrate the electrolytes. By employing an ordered mesoporous graphitic carbon (OMGC) framework between a sulfide electrolyte layer and a copper current collector in ASSB, the concerns by are addressed 1) minimizing the chemically vulnerable interface (CVI) between electric conductor and solid electrolyte, and 2) allowing lithium ingrowth toward the porous structure via Coble creep, a diffusional deformation mechanism of lithium metal along the lithium-carbon interface. The void volume of the framework is fully filled with lithium metal, despite ionic pathways not being provided separately, even without additional lithiophiles, when an enough amount of lithium is allowed to be plated.

Micro Orthogonal Fluxgate Sensor Fabricated with Amorphous CoZrNb Film.

We successfully fabricated micro orthogonal fluxgate sensors using amorphous CoZrNb films. The sensor, measuring 1.5 mm × 0.

Pyrene-Functionalized PDMS Dispersant Enables High-Loading Graphite/PDMS Composites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Processability.

Efficient thermal management materials are urgently needed to address the challenges created by rapid miniaturization and increased power density in next-generation electronics. Polymer nanocomposites are promising candidates for thermal interface materials (TIMs), but their processability is often limited by significant increases in viscosity at the high filler loadings required for effective thermal conductivity. In this study, we demonstrate a versatile approach to produce high-loading graphite/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites with superior thermal conductivity and excellent flowability by designing a pyrene-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PyPDMS) dispersant.

Enhanced Performance of Zn Electrodes Coated with Heterogeneous Nanoparticle-Based Interphase Layer Deposited via a Direct Precipitation Reaction.

Zn ion batteries have suffered from various problems, such as hydrogen gas evolution (HER), passivation of corrosion byproduct, and dendritic growth of Zn metal. Moreover, these critical issues are generally correlated with each other and the sluggish desolvation kinetics of Zn ion is one of the important causes of them. Herein, a concept of heterogeneous nanoparticle-based interphase layer (HeNIL) composed of zincophilic aluminum fluoride and hydrophilic aluminum oxide with nanodomains is firstly introduced for multifunctional protective layer of Zn metal to effectively prevent the parasitic side reactions, facilitated ion desolvation kinetics, and suppressing dendritic growth.

Layer-by-Layer Assembled, Mixed Conducting Artificial Layers for Stable Zinc Metal Anodes in Aqueous Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising energy storage systems owing to the abundance of zinc resources and the safety of aqueous electrolytes. However, direct Zn-electrolyte contact induces dendritic growth and side reactions, compromising cycle life. Herein, a mixed ionic-electronic conducting interphase is fabricated via a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS).

Electrical grid-independent machine learning-assisted wearable gait analysis device with triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester.

In this study, an Electrical grid-independent Machine learning-assisted Wearable device for Gait analysis (EMWG) with a ground reaction force sensor is presented. For gait analysis, a multi-layer perceptron is identified as the optimal model among various Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms in terms of analysis performance (accuracy of 88 % and model conversion rate of 84.22 %) and power consumption (operation for 1 h 47 min with a 110 mAh battery) when deployed on a microcontroller.

FUSE-Net: Multi-Scale CNN for NIR Band Prediction from RGB Using GNDVI-Guided Green Channel Enhancement.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a powerful tool for precision imaging tasks such as vegetation analysis, but its widespread use remains limited due to the high cost of equipment and challenges in data acquisition. To explore a more accessible alternative, we propose a Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI)-guided green channel adjustment method, termed G-RGB, which enables the estimation of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance from standard RGB image inputs. The G-RGB method enhances the green channel to encode NIR-like information, generating a spectrally enriched representation.

Crystal Growth Inhibition in the Preparation of Water-Dispersible Photoinitiator Particles for High-Precision Three-Dimensional Printing of Double Network Hydrogels.

The double network hydrogel (DN gel) is widely used in applications such as soft robotics, artificial muscle, wearable electronics, and biomedical engineering due to its unique combination of softness and toughness. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of the DN gel provides a rapid and cost-effective approach for producing shapes desired in these applications, making it an ideal solution for customization and performance enhancement. However, 3D printing of water-soluble resins such as DN gels remains challenging due to the high cost and the complexity of the synthesis or preparation processes of water-soluble or water-dispersible photoinitiators.

Silver exsolution from Li-argyrodite electrolytes for initially anode-free all-solid-state batteries.

Achieving stable cyclability in initially anode-free all-solid-state batteries is challenging due to non-uniform Li (de)plating, especially under practical operating conditions. Here, we introduce a bilayer comprising a silver(Ag)-doped Li-argyrodite electrolyte layer in contact with the undoped Li-argyrodite electrolyte. During charging, electrochemical exsolution of Ag from the silver-doped Li argyrodite forms nanoscale, lithiophilic silver seeds along grain boundaries and in pores where they are accessible for electron transfer.

Deep learning-based single-shot computational spectrometer using multilayer thin films.

Computational spectrometers hold significant potential for mobile applications, such as on-site detection and self-diagnosis, due to their compact size, fast operation time, high resolution, wide working range, and low-cost production. Although extensively studied, prior demonstrations have been confined to a few examples of straightforward spectra. This study demonstrates a deep learning (DL)-based single-shot computational spectrometer capable of recovering narrow and broad spectra using a multilayer thin-film filter array.

Highly Conductive Li-Excess Oxide to Facilitate Durable Interfaces in All-Solid-State Batteries.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have garnered significant attention as advanced energy storage systems due to their superior energy density and intrinsic safety, enabled by the incorporation of solid electrolytes instead of conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the commercialization of ASSBs faces significant challenges, particularly due to the interfacial side reactions between Ni-rich cathode materials and sulfide solid electrolytes, which degrade reversibility and cycling stability. To address this limitation, a surface coating strategy is developed for Ni-rich cathode materials.

Insight into microbial extracellular vesicles as key communication materials and their clinical implications for lung cancer (Review).

The complexity of lung cancer, driven by multifactorial causes such as genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors, underscores the necessity for tailored treatment strategies informed by recent advancements. Studies highlight a significant association between the lung microbiome and lung cancer, with dysbiosis potentially contributing to disease development via inflammation, immune response alterations and bacterial metabolite production. Furthermore, exposure to airborne bacteria may influence lung health by introducing pathogenic species or altering the human microbiome, thereby implicating certain dominant airborne bacteria in lung diseases, including the exacerbation of lung cancer.

The paradoxical role of rock-salt phases in high-nickel cathode stabilization: engineering a detrimental structure into a beneficial structure.

The surface phase formation of rock-salt in high-nickel layered oxide cathodes has conventionally been considered detrimental to electrochemical performance. Recent investigations, however, have revealed a more nuanced understanding wherein controlled formation of rock-salt phases during synthesis paradoxically enhances structural stability. This review critically examines the evolving paradigm of rock-salt formation in LiNiCoMnO ( ≥ 0.

Direct Surface Modification of the Epidermis Using Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine with Multiple Anti-Biofouling Functions.

The surface properties of the epidermis are crucial in pathogen adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, damage to the epidermis caused by various physical and chemical attacks provides a favorable environment for pathogen penetration and proliferation through the exposed internal living tissue. Surface modification of the epidermis to impart anti-biofouling properties can provide effective protection against infections.

Unconventional domain tessellations in moiré-of-moiré lattices.

Imposing incommensurable periodicity on the periodic atomic lattice can lead to complex structural phases consisting of locally periodic structure bounded by topological defects. Twisted trilayer graphene (TTG) is an ideal material platform to study the interplay between different atomic periodicities, which can be tuned by twist angles between the layers, leading to moiré-of-moiré lattices. Interlayer and intralayer interactions between two interfaces in TTG transform this moiré-of-moiré lattice into an intricate network of domain structures at small twist angles, which can harbour exotic electronic behaviours.

ITap: Index Finger Tap Interaction by Gaze and Tabletop Integration.

This paper presents ITap, a novel interaction method utilizing hand tracking to create a virtual touchpad on a tabletop. ITap facilitates touch interactions such as tapping, dragging, and swiping using the index finger. The technique combines gaze-based object selection with touch gestures, while a pinch gesture performed with the opposite hand activates a manual mode, enabling precise cursor control independently of gaze direction.

Tailoring Mesopores on Ultrathin Hollow Carbon Nanoarchitecture with NO Coordinated Ni Single-Atom Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer exceptional atomic utilization and catalytic efficiency, particularly in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), where effective mass transport and electronic structure control are critical. However, many SACs suffer from suboptimal hydrogen adsorption energies and limited synergy with the support matrix, which restrict their intrinsic activity and durability. Overcoming these limitations requires an integrated strategy that simultaneously optimizes both the atomic coordination environment and the support architecture.

Predicting neurological complications post clipping surgery in unruptured intracranial aneurysms using the NEURO score: a multi-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: Predicting fatal neurological complications after clipping surgery for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is crucial; however, existing scoring systems are limited by narrow consideration of factors. We aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive risk stratification scoring system that incorporates patient-, aneurysm-, and operation-specific variables for predicting postoperative neurological complications in UIA surgeries.

Methods: This multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted from September 2018 to October 2023.

Transformative Effect of Li Salt for Proactively Mitigating Interfacial Side Reactions in Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The robust respective formations of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and pillar at the surfaces of hard carbon and O3-type positive electrodes are the consequences of integrating LiPF salt into a sodium-ion battery electrolyte that considerably strengthens both interfaces of positive and negative electrodes. The improvement of cycle performances due to the formation of highly passivating SEI on the hard carbon electrode is induced by the alternated solvation structure following the addition of Li salt, which inhibits sodium-ion and electron leakage from further electrolyte decomposition. The SEI with incorporated Li is less soluble than Na-based SEI, and the passivation ability of the initially formed SEI can thus be well preserved.

Surface Tension-Driven Self-Planarization of MXene Liquid Crystalline Fiber for High-Performance Energy Storage.

2D MXene-based liquid crystalline (LC) systems have emerged as promising precursors for constructing highly ordered functional materials, such as fibers, films, and aerogels via solution-based processing. In this study, we demonstrate surface tension-mediated self-planarization of MXene LC fibers by adjusting the solvent composition during wet-spinning, targeting improved electrochemical performance. Ethanol, a poor solvent for MXene, induced spontaneous parallel alignment of MXene platelets and facilitated densification into a ribbon-like geometry during coagulation.

A Comparative Study and Optimization of Camera-Based BEV Segmentation for Real-Time Autonomous Driving.

This study addresses the optimization of a camera-based bird's eye view (BEV) segmentation technique that operates in real-time within an embedded system environment while maintaining high accuracy despite limited computational resources. Specifically, it examines three technical approaches for BEV segmentation in autonomous driving: depth-based methods, MLP-based methods, and transformer-based methods, focusing on key techniques such as lift-splat-shoot, HDMapNet, and BEVFormer. A mathematical analysis of these methods is conducted, followed by a comparative performance evaluation using the nuScenes dataset.

Mechanically Exfoliated InP Thin Films for Solar Energy Conversion Devices.

III-V semiconductors are favoured photo absorber materials for solar energy conversion due to their ideal bandgap, yet their high-cost hinders widespread adoption. Utilizing thin films of these semiconductors presents a viable way to address the cost-related challenges. Here, a novel mechanical exfoliation technique is demonstrated, also known as controlled spalling, as a cost-effective and facile way to obtain thin films of III-V semiconductors.

Examining the bacterial diversity including extracellular vesicles in air and soil: implications for human health.

As the significance of human health continues to rise, the microbiome has shifted its focus from microbial composition to the functional roles it plays. In parallel, interest in ultrafine particles associated with clinically important impact has been increasing. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), involved in systemic microbiome activity, are nano-sized spherical vesicles (20 - 100 nm in diameter) containing DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids.

Association of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Clinical, Physical, and Reproductive Factors: A Data-Driven Analysis.

: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder with significant clinical and reproductive implications. Identifying dose-response relationships between clinical, physical, and reproductive factors and PCOS can enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform treatment strategies. This study utilized a data-driven approach to analyze the associations between key factors, including age, weight, menstrual cycle length, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels, and follicle count, with PCOS prevalence.

Levelized Electrode Utilization of Silicon-Enriched Pouch-Type Lithium-Ion Batteries from External Stress-Induced Overpotential Modulation.

The sectional utilization of the Si negative electrode resulted from the appropriate physical treatment of the pouch cell based on the distribution of electrical resistance. Active materials loaded near the tab have low electrical resistance, leading to a higher degree of lithiation in the Si near the tab. This localized utilization in large pouch cells causes significant polarization growth of the electrode due to mechanical and interphasial degradation.