Hepatitis B Virus in Jordan: Prevalence, Incidence and Clearance From Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health challenge, with the World Health Organization (WHO) targeting its elimination by 2030. Jordan lacks sufficient data on HBV epidemiology, including prevalence, incidence and clearance. This study addresses these gaps through a retrospective analysis of HBV testing data from 40,268 individuals collected at Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories (2010-2024).

Long term outcomes of thoracic endovascular repair versus optimal medical therapy for uncomplicated Stanford type B aortic dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this article is to compare the long-term efficacy of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) versus Optimal Medical Therapy (OMT) in reducing mortality among adult patients with uncomplicated Stanford type B aortic dissection (uSTBAD).

Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central and Google Scholar was conducted for studies comparing TEVAR with OMT for mortality in adult patients with uSTBAD. Relevant outcomes, including mortality, aortic rupture, re-intervention, retrograde type A dissection, myocardial infarction and stroke were analyzed and presented as risk ratios (RRs) along with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Global anaesthesia practice using inguinal hernia surgery as a tracer condition: a secondary analysis of an international prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Restoration of surgical capacity is essential to post-COVID-19 recovery. This study explored the use and safety of anaesthesia options for inguinal hernia surgery, a common tracer condition, to describe current global practice and highlight opportunities to build the capacity of health systems.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of an international prospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent elective inguinal hernia surgery.

Acyclovir-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Case Report.

Acyclovir is a widely used antiviral medication known for its potential nephrotoxic effects. These adverse effects may include acute kidney injury (AKI), acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, crystal-induced nephropathy, and, in rare cases, tubular dysfunction. While acyclovir is generally considered safe, nephrotoxicity can occur, particularly when administered at high doses or in dehydrated patients.

Differential sensitivity to DMI fungicides in Cercospora beticola is mediated by a novel target site modification and C-14 alpha-demethylase overexpression.

Sensitivity assessment of 300 Cercospora beticola isolates collected from North Greece revealed that 38 % of the population was highly resistant to at least one of the demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) difenoconazole, epoxiconazole and flutriafol. Resistance factors greater than 50, 100 and 100 were calculated for the most resistant C. beticola isolates to flutriafol, epoxiconazole and difenoconazole, respectively.

Electro-assisted microalgae cultivation, harvesting, and recovery of high-value products: A review.

Electrotechnology has recently emerged as an eco-friendly method for enhancing microalgal processes. Electric fields can be applied to microalgae at different stages to improve their biomass productivity, high-value products (HVPs) content, harvesting efficiency, and cell disruption for biomolecule recovery. Incorporating them into microalgal processes can significantly contribute to achieving a circular bioeconomy.

2D-1D Self-Assembly of Water Delaminated Co-Fe-LDH Nanosheets and CNTs via Exfoliation-Restacking Approach for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Developing efficient, sustainable, earth-abundant, cost-effective electrocatalysts is extremely challenging. Cobalt-iron-layered double hydroxide nanosheets (Co-Fe-LDH NSs) hybridized with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) lead to anchors Co-Fe-LDH-CNTs (CFC) self-assembly with a mesoporous morphology, expanded surface area, fast charge transfer kinetics, and high electrical conductivity. The resultant anchored CFC nanohybrid is highly active for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), showing a lower overpotential of 221 and 313 mV at a current density of 10 and 25 mA cm, respectively, compared to pristine Co-Fe-LDH (339 and 391 mV), showcasing the significant role of CNTs in improving the electrocatalytic performance of pristine Co-Fe-LDH.

An overview of fasciolosis in human and cattle populations in New Valley, Egypt.

Introduction: Fascioliasis, a significant global zoonotic disease caused by trematode parasites of the genus , affects various livestock species.

Aim: This study aimed to identify demographic, epidemiological, clinical manifestations, pathological, and genetic characteristics in New Valley, Egypt's human, and cattle populations.

Methods: This study is made of two parts, the first part is a cohort study of 1000 cattle slaughtered at three abattoirs in El Kharja, El Dakhilah, and El Farafra from February 2023 to January 2024.

Larvicidal Potential of Dactyloctenium Aegyptium (L.) Willd. (Poales: Poaceae) Extracts and In Silico Docking of Major Identified Compounds Against Mosquito Vector Proteins.

This study evaluated the larvicidal efficacy of the methanol extract of Dactyloctenium aegyptium against Aedes aegypti (L, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae), Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae). The methanol extract exhibited the highest mortality rates, achieving 100% mortality at 250 µg/mL for all species tested, and demonstrated the lowest LC values of 94.28 µg/mL for Ae.

Sustainable valorization of olive by-products: environmental impact, biotechnological and probiotic approaches for bioactive recovery in alignment with circular bioeconomy.

The olive oil industry generates vast amounts of by-products, including olive pomace, olive mill wastewater, olive pits, and olive leaves, which pose serious environmental and economic challenges. However, these residues are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, dietary fibers, unsaturated fatty acids, and sugar derivatives, making them valuable resources for sustainable valorization. This review explores innovative biotechnological and probiotic-driven approaches to convert olive waste into high-value products, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production) and SDG 13 (Climate action).

Deep aging clocks: AI-powered strategies for biological age estimation.

Several strategies have emerged lately in response to the rapid increase in the aging population to enhance health and life span and manage aging challenges. Developing such strategies is imperative and requires an assessment of biological aging. Several aging clocks have recently been developed to measure biological aging and to assess the efficacy of longevity interventions.

Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome: an updated comprehensive review from mechanisms to clinical implications.

Modern studies have linked gut microbiota to metabolic syndrome - a condition linked to obesity, characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. The gut microbiota, influenced by diet, plays a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome, affecting energy absorption, metabolism, and immune responses. Dysbiosis disrupts energy metabolism and immune responses contributing to metabolic endotoxemia, leading to insulin resistance and systemic inflammation.

Potential Effects of Computer-Based Cognitive Training on Postural Stability and Locomotion in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine the short-term and long-term effects of computer-based cognitive training on postural stability, locomotion, and cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Methods: Sixty-eight PD participated in this randomized-controlled trial, were randomly allocated into two groups; control group (GA) received a designed physiotherapy program for 60 minutes, and an experimental group (GB) got 30 minutes physiotherapy program as GA, along with 30 minutes of computerized cognitive training. Treatment sessions were three times/week for eight weeks.

From Pollution to Value: Electrochemical Systems for Transforming Flue Gas into Chemicals and Fuels.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) can enable the production of fuels and chemicals from CO emissions. Direct flue gas conversion can address the emissions from hard-to-abate sectors, including cement, steel, and power generation industries. Such integration with SCORR can also decarbonize the petrochemical industry and eliminate separation and purification steps.

Advancements in nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy: Dosimetric evaluation of arc therapy with hippocampal sparing.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is located near critical structures like the hippocampus, essential for memory and cognitive function. While Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) has improved dose conformity in NPC treatment, the integration of hippocampal-sparing (HS) approaches remains underexplored. This study evaluates the dosimetric feasibility and effectiveness of hippocampal-sparing VMAT (HS-VMAT) in NPC, focusing on reducing radiation exposure to the hippocampus while maintaining target volume coverage.

Recent Advancements in Lipid Nanoparticles-Based Phytoactives Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, pose a significant and continuous burden on the healthcare system, urging the search for innovative therapeutical approaches targeting the central nervous system. Nowadays, no definitive treatment can effectively modulate the neuronal degeneration associated with such diseases. The current line of therapies is primarily symptomatic and suffers several drawbacks.

Genetic determinants of testicular sperm extraction outcomes: insights from a large multicentre study of men with non-obstructive azoospermia.

Study Question: What is the diagnostic yield and the pre-testicular sperm extraction (TESE) prognostic value of a non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)-specific virtual gene panel?

Summary Answer: The diagnostic yield in our cohort was 6.1%, and by combining our data with published literature, we identified 11 genes compatible with testicular sperm production and 19 genes associated with no sperm retrieval in carriers of pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) mutations.

What Is Known Already: Azoospermia, the most severe form of male infertility, affects ∼1% of the male population, with TESE being the primary treatment option.

Severe and Long-Term Side Effects of Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Case Report.

Radiotherapy is a crucial treatment modality for head and neck cancers, demonstrating significant efficacy in tumor control. However, its application can also lead to challenging complications, particularly due to late effects on healthy tissues. These complications arise from cellular damage, scar fibrosis development, and reduced local blood flow caused by radiation-induced vascular changes.

Transparency and Validity of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Pediatric Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant promise for improving pediatric diabetes management, but its clinical adoption hinges on transparency and validity. Despite growing interest in AI applications, systematic evaluations of these critical aspects remain scarce. This systematic review examines the transparency and validity of AI applications in pediatric diabetes, assessing methodological rigor, reporting standards, and clinical readiness.

Boosting biodiesel production from WCO utilizing marble waste powder as precursor for CaO/KCO nanocatalyst at low temperature RSM optimization.

This study aims to valorize hazardous industrial marble machining and shaping waste powder as a precursor to prepare a heterogeneous nano-catalyst (CaO/KCO) employing the wet-impregnation method for producing biodiesel the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO). Surface and morphological characterization of the thus-prepared nano-catalyst has been performed employing various analytical tools, , XRD, BET, CO-TPD, FT-IR, HR-TEM, and FE-SEM & mapping EDX. The impact of calcination treatment on the catalytic performance is investigated together with the weight percentage (wt%) of CaO compared to KCO.

The Role of Early Nutritional Intervention in Preventing In-Hospital Complications Among Patients in the Medical Ward.

Introduction Malnutrition is a common yet often overlooked issue in hospitalized patients, contributing to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and delayed recovery. Early nutritional intervention may help mitigate these risks. Objective This study aims to evaluate the role of early nutritional intervention in preventing in-hospital complications among medical ward patients.

A Machine Learning and Bayesian Belief Network Approach to Predicting Cervical Cancer Risk: Implications for Risk Management.

Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a major global health challenge, necessitating enhanced risk stratification and early detection methodologies. This study proposes a comprehensive predictive framework for cervical cancer leveraging advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms and Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs), illustrating the transformative role of digital technologies in healthcare and education within an increasingly digitized society.

Methods: A cohort of 858 patients was analyzed, addressing data challenges, including missing values, class imbalance, and nonlinear feature interactions, that frequently compromise the reliability of predictive modeling.

Silver nanoparticles as next-generation antimicrobial agents: mechanisms, challenges, and innovations against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

The escalating prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria presents a critical global health challenge, necessitating the urgent development of alternative antimicrobial strategies. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents due to their broad-spectrum activity, unique physicochemical properties, and multiple mechanisms of bacterial inhibition. Their nanoscale size, high surface area-to-volume ratio, and ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) make them highly effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Proteo-transcriptomic reprogramming and resource reallocation define the aging mammalian brain.

Brain aging is a major risk for neurodegeneration, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we performed an integrative proteo-transcriptomic analysis of the aging mouse brain, uncovering molecular signatures of aging through the assessment of protein aggregation, mRNA relocalization, and comparative proteomics across eight models of premature aging and neurodegeneration. We identified dynamic changes in physiological aging highlighting differences in synaptic maintenance and energy-allocation.