Differential sensitivity to DMI fungicides in Cercospora beticola is mediated by a novel target site modification and C-14 alpha-demethylase overexpression.

Sensitivity assessment of 300 Cercospora beticola isolates collected from North Greece revealed that 38 % of the population was highly resistant to at least one of the demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) difenoconazole, epoxiconazole and flutriafol. Resistance factors greater than 50, 100 and 100 were calculated for the most resistant C. beticola isolates to flutriafol, epoxiconazole and difenoconazole, respectively.

Electro-assisted microalgae cultivation, harvesting, and recovery of high-value products: A review.

Electrotechnology has recently emerged as an eco-friendly method for enhancing microalgal processes. Electric fields can be applied to microalgae at different stages to improve their biomass productivity, high-value products (HVPs) content, harvesting efficiency, and cell disruption for biomolecule recovery. Incorporating them into microalgal processes can significantly contribute to achieving a circular bioeconomy.

2D-1D Self-Assembly of Water Delaminated Co-Fe-LDH Nanosheets and CNTs via Exfoliation-Restacking Approach for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Developing efficient, sustainable, earth-abundant, cost-effective electrocatalysts is extremely challenging. Cobalt-iron-layered double hydroxide nanosheets (Co-Fe-LDH NSs) hybridized with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) lead to anchors Co-Fe-LDH-CNTs (CFC) self-assembly with a mesoporous morphology, expanded surface area, fast charge transfer kinetics, and high electrical conductivity. The resultant anchored CFC nanohybrid is highly active for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), showing a lower overpotential of 221 and 313 mV at a current density of 10 and 25 mA cm, respectively, compared to pristine Co-Fe-LDH (339 and 391 mV), showcasing the significant role of CNTs in improving the electrocatalytic performance of pristine Co-Fe-LDH.

CBT, parent training, and combined approaches for children with ADHD: A randomized study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), parent training programm (PTPs), and their combination as adjunctive interventions to medication in reducing core ADHD symptoms and functional difficulties in children aged 7-11 who had been receiving pharmacological treatment. The goal was to examine whether these psychosocial approaches could enhance treatment outcomes beyond medication alone.

Method: Forty-two mother-child dyads were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) medication (M) plus cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), (2) M plus parent training programme (PTP), (3) M plus both CBT and PTP (combined), and (4) M only (control).

Deep aging clocks: AI-powered strategies for biological age estimation.

Several strategies have emerged lately in response to the rapid increase in the aging population to enhance health and life span and manage aging challenges. Developing such strategies is imperative and requires an assessment of biological aging. Several aging clocks have recently been developed to measure biological aging and to assess the efficacy of longevity interventions.

From Pollution to Value: Electrochemical Systems for Transforming Flue Gas into Chemicals and Fuels.

Electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) can enable the production of fuels and chemicals from CO emissions. Direct flue gas conversion can address the emissions from hard-to-abate sectors, including cement, steel, and power generation industries. Such integration with SCORR can also decarbonize the petrochemical industry and eliminate separation and purification steps.

Powdered camel milk production and changes occurring along the processing steps and storage conditions: A comprehensive review.

Spray drying offers high-quality camel milk powder with a good nutritional and techno-functional profile. However, the thermal stress can cause whey protein denaturation, reducing the effectiveness of the bioactive components of the milk and compromising its health benefits. Camel milk caseins are more sensitive to heat, while its whey proteins exhibit greater resistance compared to those in bovine milk.

Recent Advancements in Lipid Nanoparticles-Based Phytoactives Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, pose a significant and continuous burden on the healthcare system, urging the search for innovative therapeutical approaches targeting the central nervous system. Nowadays, no definitive treatment can effectively modulate the neuronal degeneration associated with such diseases. The current line of therapies is primarily symptomatic and suffers several drawbacks.

Genetic determinants of testicular sperm extraction outcomes: insights from a large multicentre study of men with non-obstructive azoospermia.

Study Question: What is the diagnostic yield and the pre-testicular sperm extraction (TESE) prognostic value of a non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)-specific virtual gene panel?

Summary Answer: The diagnostic yield in our cohort was 6.1%, and by combining our data with published literature, we identified 11 genes compatible with testicular sperm production and 19 genes associated with no sperm retrieval in carriers of pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) mutations.

What Is Known Already: Azoospermia, the most severe form of male infertility, affects ∼1% of the male population, with TESE being the primary treatment option.

Impact of Smoking and Sociodemographic Factors on Self-Reported Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among U.S. Adults: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is a major health concern in the U.S., with smoking as its leading risk factor.

A Machine Learning and Bayesian Belief Network Approach to Predicting Cervical Cancer Risk: Implications for Risk Management.

Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a major global health challenge, necessitating enhanced risk stratification and early detection methodologies. This study proposes a comprehensive predictive framework for cervical cancer leveraging advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms and Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs), illustrating the transformative role of digital technologies in healthcare and education within an increasingly digitized society.

Methods: A cohort of 858 patients was analyzed, addressing data challenges, including missing values, class imbalance, and nonlinear feature interactions, that frequently compromise the reliability of predictive modeling.

Impact of minimally invasive surgical therapies on sexual function in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review.

Introduction: Technological advancements in minimally invasive surgical therapies(MIST) have altered the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), offering reduced morbidity and better preservation of sexual functions compared to traditional surgical methods. The study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of MISTs on erectile and ejaculatory functions in patients with BPH.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic literature search was performed in Medline(PubMed), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Library (up to December 2024) following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPEROCRD42024541279).

Improved optical characteristics of PEO polymer integrated with graphene oxide.

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized via a modified low-temperature Hummer's method and incorporated into a poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix to fabricate PEO/GO nanocomposite thin films using a casting technique. This work explores how GO incorporation affects the structural and optical properties of PEO, with emphasis on its suitability for optical switching and other optoelectronic applications. The films were prepared with varying GO concentrations and characterized using XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and other standard techniques.

MSFE-GallNet-X: a multi-scale feature extraction-based CNN Model for gallbladder disease analysis with enhanced explainability.

Objective: This study introduces MSFE-GallNet-X, a domain-adaptive deep learning model utilizing multi-scale feature extraction (MSFE) to improve the classification accuracy of gallbladder diseases from grayscale ultrasound images, while integrating explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to enhance clinical interpretability.

Methods: We developed a convolutional neural network-based architecture that automatically learns multi-scale features from a dataset comprising 10,692 high-resolution ultrasound images from 1,782 patients, covering nine gallbladder disease classes, including gallstones, cholecystitis, and carcinoma. The model incorporated Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) to provide visual interpretability of diagnostic predictions.

The Internal Ribosome Entry Site in Circular RNAs.

The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within circular RNAs (circRNAs) has emerged as a dynamic and multifaceted regulatory element, challenging traditional notions of translation initiation in eukaryotic cells. This chapter reviews the current state of research and knowledge on IRES in circRNAs, exploring its molecular mechanisms, physiological roles, and therapeutic implications. As the field continues to evolve, research efforts are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between IRES and circRNAs.

Pyrin inflammasome-driven erosive arthritis caused by unprenylated RHO GTPase signaling.

Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a non-sterol intermediate of the mevalonate pathway, serves as the substrate for protein geranylgeranylation, a process catalyzed by geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTase-I). Myeloid-specific deletion of Pggt1b, the gene coding for GGTase-I, leads to spontaneous and severe erosive arthritis in mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that arthritis in mice with myeloid-specific Pggt1b deficiency is driven by unprenylated GTP-bound small RHO family GTPases, which in turn trigger Pyrin (Mefv) inflammasome activation, GSDMD-dependent macrophage pyroptosis, and IL-1β secretion.

Dual-model approach for accurate chest disease detection using GViT and swin transformer V2.

The precise detection and localization of abnormalities in radiological images are very crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. To build reliable models, large and annotated datasets are required that contain disease labels and abnormality locations. Most of the time, radiologists face challenges in identifying and segmenting thoracic diseases such as COVID-19, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and lung cancer due to overlapping visual patterns in X-ray images.

Determinants of vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in an international multicenter study within the EuCARE project.

A total of 2079 healthcare workers (HCWs) responded to an anonymous survey on vaccine hesitancy conducted between December 2022 and October 2023 at centers in Lithuania, Portugal, Poland, Germany, and Brazil. Only 55.7% were confident about the long-term safety of the COVID-19 vaccine; 10% believed the risk of having COVID-19 vaccines was greater than the risk of COVID-19 itself.

Overload of Glucose Metabolism as Initiating Factor in Diabetic Embryopathy and Prevention by Glyoxalase 1 Inducer Dietary Supplement.

Hyperglycemia in early-stage embryogenesis is linked to diabetic embryopathy. High-glucose-concentration-induced accumulation of hexokinase-2 (HK2) may initiate metabolic dysfunction that contributes to diabetic embryopathy, including increased formation of methylglyoxal (MG). In this study, we evaluated changes in HK2 protein levels and embryo dysmorphogenesis in an experimental model of diabetic embryopathy.

Glyoxalase 1 Inducer, -Resveratrol and Hesperetin-Dietary Supplement with Multi-Modal Health Benefits.

A dietary supplement, -resveratrol and hesperetin (tRES+HESP)-also known as GlucoRegulate-induces increased expression of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) by activation of transcription factor Nrf2, countering accumulation of the reactive dicarbonyl glycating agent, methylglyoxal. tRES+HESP corrected insulin resistance and decreased fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and low-grade inflammation in overweight and obese subjects in a clinical trial. The aim of this study was to explore, for the first time, health-beneficial gene expression other than Glo1 induced by tRES+HESP in human endothelial cells and fibroblasts in primary culture and HepG2 hepatoma cell line and activity of -resveratrol (cRES) as a Glo1 inducer.

Dexamethasone chronotherapy of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit: an exploratory study.

Background: Dexamethasone has been demonstrated to be a potential treatment approach preventing COVID-19 related fatalities by managing the cytokine release storm (CRS). The expression of the inflammatory mediators involved in the CRS is regulated by the circadian biology of the immune response and it peaks during the evening. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that the administration of anti-inflammatory medications in the evening could help better manage the CRS.

Most prominent challenges in translational neuroscience and strategic solutions to bridge the gaps: Perspectives from an editorial board interrogation.

Recent progress in translational neuroscience has significantly advanced our understanding of neurological diseases. Research progress closely went in line with innovations in research methods, which have expanded our insights considerably beyond previous limits. However, despite the development of disease-modifying treatments, therapeutic options in brain diseases still lag behind fundamental discoveries in basic neuroscience.

HarmonicEchoNet: Leveraging harmonic convolutions for automated standard plane detection in fetal heart ultrasound videos.

Fetal echocardiography offers non-invasive and real-time imaging acquisition of fetal heart images to identify congenital heart conditions. Manual acquisition of standard heart views is time-consuming, whereas automated detection remains challenging due to high spatial similarity across anatomical views with subtle local image appearance variations. To address these challenges, we introduce a very lightweight frequency-guided deep learning-based model named HarmonicEchoNet that can automatically detect heart standard views in a transverse sweep or freehand ultrasound scan of the fetal heart.