Harnessing volatile organic compound biomarkers for early cancer detection: molecular to nanotechnology-based approaches.

Early-stage cancer diagnosis is considered a grand challenge, and even though advanced analytical assays have been established through molecular biology techniques, there are still clinical limitations. For example, low concentration of target biomarkers at early stages of cancer, background values from the healthy cells, individual variation, and factors like DNA mutations, remain the limiting factor in early cancer detection. Volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers in exhaled breath are produced during cancer cell metabolism, and therefore may present a promising way to diagnose cancer at the early stage since they can be detected both rapidly and non-invasively.

A vegetarian diet improves hepatic steatosis in MASLD patients through weight loss: a randomized controlled trial in China.

: The therapeutic potential of vegetarian diets in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains understudied in Asian populations. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a culturally adapted 6-month lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (LOV-D) on hepatic steatosis and cardiometabolic risk factors through weight loss. : In this randomized trial, 220 Chinese adults with MASLD were assigned to LOV-D ( = 110) or an omnivore diet ( = 110) for 6 months.

Pancreatic Islet Transplantation in Extrahepatic Sites: Evaluation of the Venous Sac in Large Mammal Models.

Background: The long-term clinical efficacy of intraportal islet transplantation is hampered by islet loss due to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insufficient vascularization. This study explores the venous sac as an alternative implantation site for islet transplantation in large animal models.

Methods: An immunosuppressed, diabetic cynomolgus monkey received allogeneic islet implants in its mesenteric venous sac, with metabolic assessments over 112 days.

Genome-wide association study reveals candidate loci for resistance to anthracnose in blueberry.

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, poses a significant threat to blueberries, necessitating a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying resistance to develop efficient breeding strategies. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study on 355 advanced selections of southern highbush blueberry from the University of Florida Blueberry Breeding and Genomics Program. Visual scores and image analyses were used for assessing disease severity.

Real-world treatment patterns of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in mantle cell lymphoma in a community oncology setting.

Aims: This study examines United States real-world Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) treatment patterns, duration, and adherence in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients.

Materials & Methods: A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records for patients with MCL who initiated a BTKi between January 2019 and November 2021 was conducted. Patients were followed ≥ 6 months, examining baseline characteristics and outcomes including treatment duration and adherence.

Ongoing pregnancy rate is associated with trigger-day progesterone level in letrozole/clomiphene intrauterine insemination cycles.

Purpose: Prior studies in fresh embryo transfer IVF cycles have associated elevated serum progesterone level on day of ovulatory trigger, particularly if ≥ 1.5 ng/ml, with decreased pregnancy rates. A similar association has been found in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles using gonadotropins for ovulation induction.

BRAF positive Langerhans cell sarcoma arising from CALR positive myeloproliferative neoplasm: evidence of a clonal progenitor.

Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm with a Langerhans cell immunophenotype and high-grade cytological features. Occasionally, it can coexist with other hematopoietic neoplasms with proven clonal relationship. Most of these neoplasms were found to be of lymphoid origin.

High-throughput in vivo screening platform for rapid discovery of adult mosquitocides: Design, validation and automation for scalable vector control.

The global rise of mosquito-borne diseases and widespread resistance to existing insecticides highlight the urgent need for novel, field-relevant mosquitocides. Here, we report the development and validation of a high-throughput, in vivo screening assay capable of evaluating adult mosquito toxicity across large chemical libraries. Utilizing a 96-well plate format, this assay enables simultaneous testing of hundreds of compounds per run using both net and filter paper substrates, with direct measurement of adult mosquito knockdown and mortality via tarsal contact - an exposure route highly relevant to real-world vector control tools such as long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS).

Perception of scholarly collaboration and its influencing factors among doctoral-prepared and -preparing nurses: A regional nursing society-based survey.

Background: Nurses with research- and practice-focused doctorate degrees complement each other's work and contribute to the advancement of nursing profession. Understanding perceived scholarly collaboration and its influencing factors can facilitate effective teamwork, benefit the nursing profession, and improve patient outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the perceived scholarly collaboration and its influencing factors among nurses with or pursing doctoral degrees.

Influence of underrepresented leaders on recruiting and retaining underrepresented faculty and students in nursing programs.

The U.S. population is undergoing a considerable transformation as individuals become substantially older and more racially and ethnically diverse.

Brainstem Cavernous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) are rare yet high-risk vascular lesions with a complex clinical course due to their eloquent location. Optimal treatment remains a topic of debate. This review aims to evaluate the outcomes of different management strategies for BSCMs, with a focus on rebleeding, functional recovery, and mortality.

Assessing Malnutrition in Lung Cancer Resection Patients: Modification of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) Criteria for Implementation in Surgical Practice.

Background: Up to 70% of lung cancer may be malnourished. This study aims to examine the effects of malnutrition on outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing resection using modified GLIM criteria.

Methods: The study utilized the mGLIM criteria to identify malnourished patients.

Targeted deletion of Cyp24a1 in the intestine reduces mucosal injury and preserves epithelial proliferation after 5-fluorouracil treatment.

Vitamin D has been proposed to attenuate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis (GM). In the intestine, local catabolism of active vitamin D [1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃] is mediated by the enzyme Cyp24a1. This study assessed whether deletion of Cyp24a1 specifically in intestinal epithelial cells can protect against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal injury and microbiome disruption in mice.

Innovative engineering approaches to model host-microbiome interactions in vitro.

The human microbiome plays a critical role in health and disease. Disruptions in microbiota composition or function have been implicated not only as markers but also as drivers of diverse pathologies, creating opportunities for targeted microbiome interventions. Advancing these therapies requires experimental models that can unravel the complex, bidirectional interactions between human tissue and microbial communities.

Transdisciplinary care intervention for young adults with type 1 diabetes transitioning to adult healthcare: Rationale and trial design.

There is a critical need for efficacious interventions targeting the psychosocial and systems level barriers to successful healthcare transitions in young adults (YA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Transdisciplinary Care for Transition (TCT) is a novel intervention that involves conjoint delivery of T1D care by a diabetes nurse educator, social worker/transition navigator, and psychologist during the transition between pediatric and adult T1D healthcare settings. The TCT team will participate in cross discipline training, see YA jointly for three 60-min virtual visits, and collaborate in care delivery by integrating their respective knowledge and skills.

Novel p53 reactivators that are synergistic with olaparib for the treatment of gynecologic cancers with mutant p53.

Ovarian and endometrial cancers frequently harbor a mutation in the tumor suppressor gene TP53, which occurs in over 90 % of ovarian cancers and in the most aggressive endometrial cancers. The normal tumor suppressive functions of p53 are disrupted, resulting in unregulated cell growth and therapeutic resistance to standard treatments including chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors. Hence, a novel therapeutic strategy is urgently needed for p53 mutant gynecologic cancers, and we propose that converting mutant p53 to a wild type conformation and restoring its tumor suppressive functions has the potential to greatly improve treatment.

Redefining robotic surgical education: teleproctoring feasibility and trainee perception.

Teleproctoring offers a remote alternative to traditional surgical mentoring, addressing logistical barriers in robotic surgery education. We conducted a prospective trial to assess the feasibility and trainee perception of teleproctoring using the Proximie platform. Eighteen surgeons with limited robotic experience performed a standardized enterotomy closure on synthetic bowel models using the da Vinci Si system, while receiving real-time remote guidance from an expert located 2570 km away.

Next-Generation Miniaturized Separation Platforms: Converging Detection, Automation, and Sustainable Design for Intelligent Analytical Science.

The miniaturization of separation platforms marks a transformative shift in analytical science, merging microfabrication, automation, and intelligent data integration to meet rising demands for portability, sustainability, and precision. This review critically synthesizes recent technological advances reshaping the field-from microinjection and preconcentration modules to compact, high-sensitivity detection systems including ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis), fluorescence (FL), electrochemical detection (ECD), and mass spectrometry (MS). The integration of microcontrollers, AI-enhanced calibration routines, and IoT-enabled feedback loops has led to the rise of self-regulating analytical devices capable of real-time decision-making and autonomous operation.

Evaluating the Educational Quality and Accuracy of Carpal Tunnel-and Cubital Tunnel-Related Videos on TikTok.

Background: The increased utilization of social media platforms, including TikTok, has revolutionized the way that medical information is disseminated and consumed globally. Despite the benefits of rapidly accessible health information, the unregulated nature of TikTok raises significant concerns for the validity and reliability of medical advice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the educational quality and accuracy of information presented on TikTok relating to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cubital tunnel syndrome (CubTS), 2 common upper extremity conditions.

A tale of two tracers - Amyloid imaging with investigational radiotracers iodine (I) evuzamitide and Tc-p5+14 (AT-05).

Systemic amyloidosis is a complex disorder, making early and accurate diagnosis challenging. The most common types are associated with misfolded transthyretin or immunoglobulin light chains, where cardiac and renal amyloidosis portend the worst prognosis. Peptide p5+14 can bind all types of amyloid via multivalent electrostatic interactions.

Intraocular pressure changes following vitrectomy with and without phacoemulsification: an American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® registry analysis.

Objective: To describe observed intraocular pressure (IOP) changes following vitrectomy (PPV) surgery and PPV combined with phacoemulsification in eyes with and without glaucoma.

Methods: A total of 20,894 patients from the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) who underwent vitrectomy surgery for epiretinal membrane or vitreous opacities from January 2016 to March 2023 were included. Mean IOPs from postoperative day 1, days 2-10, days 11-30, and then monthly through 6 months were compared to baseline.

Effects of sand, asphalt, and a three degrees hind toe or heel elevation on equine cervical and thoracolumbosacral kinematics at walk and trot.

Background: Effects of ground surface and hoof angles on equine cervical and thoracolumbosacral kinematics are poorly understood. However, the equine cervical and thoracolumbosacral areas present frequent lesions and he management of factors that might improve treatment and rehabilitation outcomes, such as ground surface and hoof angles, requires more investigation.

Aims: Our objectives were to determine the influence of ground surface (asphalt versus sand) and a 3 degrees hind toe or heel elevation on cervical and thoracolumbosacral kinematics during walking and trotting.

Synergistic Effect of Enzymatic Deproteinization and Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Ionomer "SPRG" Fillers in self-etch adhesives: Boosting Anti-Demineralization and ABRZ.

Objectives: to evaluate the effect of smear-layer deproteinization using papain gel and SPRG-adhesive on marginal-gap, anti-demineralization of enamel and dentin after chemical pH cycling and assess acid-base resistance zone (ABRZ) characteristics.

Methods: Cylindrical cavities were prepared cervically in thirty-two extracted premolars. Teeth were divided into two pretreatment groups (n=16); deproteinization with papain enzyme gel (Papacarie Due, Brazil) for 60 second, and no-deproteinization.

Balancing Autonomy and Accountability Through Curricular Flexibility in Pharmacy Education.

Higher education faces growing calls to rethink traditional approaches to teaching, delivery, and assessment, driven by the evolving needs of modern learners. Today's students seek education that is flexible, personalized, and closely aligned with their career goals. Curricular flexibility supports learner-centered education, promotes adaptability, and empowers students by shifting some decision-making from faculty to learners.

Reef fish community structure across an ecological transition zone.

Transition zones exhibit a unique combination of abiotic characteristics derived from the merging of two distinct areas, hosting communities with different thermal tolerance and distribution ranges. Given these characteristics, these zones are key to unmasking the effects of climate change on biodiversity since rapid changes in the sea temperature can favor some populations more than others. This study aimed to investigate the community structure of reef fish in seven islands of the southwestern Atlantic in a transition zone.