A multi-omics recovery factor predicts long COVID in the IMPACC study.

Background: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, ~10-35% of COVID-19 patients experience long COVID (LC), in which debilitating symptoms persist for at least three months. Elucidating biologic underpinnings of LC could identify therapeutic opportunities.

Methods: We utilized machine learning methods on biologic analytes provided over 12-months after hospital discharge from >500 COVID-19 patients in the IMPACC cohort to identify a multi-omics "recovery factor", trained on patient-reported physical function survey scores.

User-centered Design of an Adjunct Smartphone App to Reduce Cannabis Use among Youth Diverted from the Juvenile Legal System.

Cannabis use is common among US youth who become involved in the juvenile legal system (JLS), yet substance use treatment rates remain low, particularly among youth diverted away from formal JLS involvement. Diverted youth encounter multiple barriers to receiving services in the community that could be addressed via digital approaches offered by the JLS. This multiphase work details development of the TECH (Teen Empowerment through Computerized Health) app, a tailored digital adjunct to usual JLS services.

Neurocritical Care Entrustable Professional Activities for Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Education and Professional Development: Standardizing Curriculum, Training, and Assessment.

Objective: To develop a set of pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM).

Design: Survey and Delphi methodology in a panel of experts from the Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group (PNCRG) and the Education in Pediatric Intensive Care (EPIC) Research Collaborative.

Setting: Interprofessional local focus group, national focus group, and subsequent national multi-institutional, multidisciplinary expert panel in the United States.

Respiratory Outcomes Following Late Postnatal Dexamethasone Administration in Preterm Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective: To wean respiratory support, preterm infants with severe respiratory failure are often administered systemic corticosteroids. We sought to evaluate if postnatal age or clinical characteristics predicted death or tracheostomy following systemic dexamethasone in evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective study of infants born at ≤ 30 weeks' gestational age cared for at a Level IV referral center from 2009 to 2019 who received a complete course of systemic dexamethasone beyond 4 weeks of age for the indication of preventing death and/or liberating from positive pressure ventilation.

2025 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on the Treatment and Management of COVID-19: Abatacept.

This article provides a focused update to the clinical practice guideline on the treatment and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The guideline panel presents a recommendation on the use of abatacept in hospitalized adults with severe or critical COVID-19. The recommendation is based on evidence derived from a systematic literature review and adheres to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

Describing Multidomain Health Outcomes in Autistic Children in the ECHO Program.

Objective: The goal of this study is to characterize health outcomes across 3 domains-overall well-being, behavioral health, and physical health-in a large sample of autistic and non-autistic children and adolescents in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program.

Method: First, we examined differences in health outcomes between autistic (N = 286) and non-autistic (N = 4,225) children and adolescents in the ECHO Program. Using a subsample of 1,809 participants (116 autistic participants) with complete outcome data, we conducted latent profile analyses (LPAs) to define profiles of health outcomes for autistic children and adolescents and for the combined sample of autistic and non-autistic participants.

Heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccine regimen in pregnant women in Rwanda: a randomized controlled phase 3 trial.

Risk of death for both mother and fetus following Ebola virus infection is extremely high. In this study, healthy women in Rwanda aged ≥18 years were randomized to two-dose Ebola vaccination (Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo) during pregnancy (group A) or postpartum (group B).

Multiancestry brain pQTL fine-mapping and integration with genome-wide association studies of 21 neurologic and psychiatric conditions.

To understand shared and ancestry-specific genetic control of brain protein expression and its ramifications for disease, we mapped protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) in 1,362 brain proteomes from African American, Hispanic/Latin American and non-Hispanic white donors. Among the pQTLs that multiancestry fine-mapping MESuSiE confidently assigned as putative causal pQTLs in a specific population, most were shared across the three studied populations and are referred to as multiancestry causal pQTLs. These multiancestry causal pQTLs were enriched for exonic and promoter regions.

3D Structural Phenotype of the Optic Nerve Head in Glaucoma and Myopia - A Key to Improving Glaucoma Diagnosis in Myopic Populations.

Purpose: To characterize the 3D structural phenotypes of the optic nerve head (ONH) in patients with glaucoma, high myopia, and concurrent high myopia and glaucoma, and to evaluate their variations across these conditions.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 685 optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from 754 subjects of Singapore-Chinese ethnicity, including 256 healthy (H), 94 highly myopic (HM), 227 glaucomatous (G), and 108 highly myopic with glaucoma (HMG) cases METHODS: We segmented the retinal and connective tissue layers from OCT volumes and their boundary edges were converted into 3D point clouds.

Trends in Utilization of Technology-Assisted Navigation in Unicompartmental and Total Knee Arthroplasty Between 2009 and 2022.

Background: In cases of isolated, single-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee, both unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be effective treatment options. This study evaluated rates of technology-assisted utilization in UKA (TA-UKA) using a national claims database over a contemporary 13-year period to determine the trends in use of TA-UKA relative to TKA in the United States.

Methods: Patients undergoing primary UKA and TKA from 2009 to 2022 were identified using a large national claims database.

Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy and Its Impact on Birth Outcomes.

Importance: For the first time in nearly 2 decades, the US infant mortality rate has increased, coinciding with a rise in overdose-related deaths as a leading cause of pregnancy-associated mortality in some states. Prematurity and low birth weight-often linked to opioid use in pregnancy-are major contributors.

Objective: To assess the health and economic impact of perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment on maternal and postpartum health, infant health in the first year of life, and infant long-term health.

Phenylbutyrate restricts murine β-coronavirus infectivity and limits virus-induced demyelination .

High morbidity and mortality associated with human β-coronavirus (CoV) infection highlight the need to determine host responses to infection and develop anti-viral therapies. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), particularly involving Connexin43 (Cx43), is vital for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, and disruption of GJIC is a well-documented pathogenic mechanism among β-coronaviruses. Specifically, murine β-coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59) inoculation in the mouse brain causes acute-stage CNS viral spread and chronic neuroinflammatory demyelination while causing pronounced downregulation of Cx43 at the acute stage, reflecting a critical role in CNS pathology.

Incidental Histologic Findings During Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Background: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) allows for precise excision of skin cancers with intraoperative histologic margin assessment. Incidental findings-unexpected histopathologic features unrelated to the primary lesion-are occasionally discovered but scantily characterized in the literature.

Objective: To systematically review published cases of incidental histologic findings identified during MMS, with attention to their frequency, clinical implications, and management.

Engineering a Coiled-Coil Protein for DARPin Presentation as a Potent SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for rapid, flexible, and readily adaptable treatment options for future pandemic preparedness. Due to the speed at which viruses like SARS-CoV-2 mutate, the customary approach of using highly specific monoclonal antibodies as neutralization therapies is challenging, given their size, production complexity, and cost. Here, we leveraged rational protein design to create fusion proteins from small, antibody-mimetic proteins, Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) and a self-assembling hexameric coiled coil (CC-HEX).

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA) in sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) users with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) offer significant cardiorenal benefits for people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D). However, concerns remain regarding their association with diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA). (1) To compare demographics, precipitating factors, biochemical features, management, and outcomes of acute DKA admissions between SGLT2i users (n = 267) and non-users (n = 793) with T2D.

A phase 1 study of IO-202, an anti-LILRB4 antibody, in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia.

IO-202 is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4; ILT3), which is predominantly expressed in monocytes and monocytic blasts. IO-202 induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in vitro and in patients with leukemia. Herein, we present the phase 1a dose escalation data of IO-202 as monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine (AZA) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and R/R chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and the phase 1b dose expansion data of IO-202 combined with AZA for the treatment of hypomethylating agent (HMA)-naïve CMML.

Ectopic adipose tissue in subsistence populations with minimal coronary disease, large left atria, and very low rates of atrial fibrillation.

Background: Greater deposits of epicardial adipose tissue are associated with atrial fibrillation and coronary disease, but have not been studied in subsistence populations.

Methods: We performed CT imaging to measure coronary artery and thoracic aortic calcium (CAC, TAC), epicardial fat thickness (EFT), liver density, and left atrial (LA) anteroposterior diameter and, using a deep learning-enabled software program, epicardial and thoracic fat volume (EFV, TFV), in two remote Amerindian subsistence populations with minimal coronary artery calcification and virtually no atrial fibrillation. We compared 893 adult Tsimane (mean age 58.

Attenuation of IFITM proteins' antiviral activity through sequestration into intraluminal vesicles of late endosomes.

Introduction: Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) inhibit the entry of diverse enveloped viruses. The spectrum of antiviral activity of IFITMs is largely determined by their subcellular localization. IFITM1 localizes to and primarily blocks viral fusion at the plasma membrane, while IFITM3 prevents viral fusion in late endosomes by accumulating in these compartments.

Survival, resistance, and fitness dynamics of populations after prolonged exposure to copper.

Background And Objectives: Copper is an essential micronutrient and a widely used antimicrobial, yet its widespread application may accelerate microbial resistance. We investigated how long-term copper (II) sulfate (CuSO₄) exposure drives genetic and phenotypic changes in , focusing on survival, resistance mechanisms, and antibiotic cross-resistance.

Methodology: Fifty populations were evolved for 55 days under progressively increasing CuSO₄ concentrations.

ARL13B-Cerulean rescues Arl13b-null mouse from embryonic lethality and reveals a role for ARL13B in spermatogenesis.

ARL13B is a regulatory GTPase enriched in cilia, making it a popular marker for this organelle. Arl13bhnn/hnn mice lack ARL13B expression, die during midgestation, and exhibit defects in ciliogenesis. The R26Arl13b-Fucci2aR biosensor mouse line directs the expression of fluorescently tagged full-length Arl13b cDNA upon Cre recombination.

The impact of opioid use associated with curative-intent cancer surgery on safe opioid prescribing practice among veterans: An observational study.

Background: Opioid exposure during cancer therapy may increase long-term unsafe opioid prescribing. This study sought to determine the rates of coprescription of benzodiazepine and opioid medications and new persistent opioid use after surgical treatment of early-stage cancer.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among a US veteran population via the Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse database.