Cohort profile: The Multiethnic Lifestyle, Obesity and Diabetes Registry in Malaysia (MeLODY) retrospective cohort in a middle-income country in Southeast Asia.

There is a lack of longitudinal data on type 2 diabetes (T2D) in low- and middle-income countries. We leveraged the electronic health records (EHR) system of a publicly funded academic institution to establish a retrospective cohort with longitudinal data to facilitate benchmarking, surveillance, and resource planning of a multi-ethnic T2D population in Malaysia. This cohort included 15,702 adults aged ≥ 18 years with T2D who received outpatient care (January 2002-December 2020) from Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Multi-sphere Cascade DNA Reaction Amplified "On-Super On-Off" PEC Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Pax-5a Gene.

Pax-5a gene, as a nucleic acid biomarker closely associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), holds significant potential for early disease diagnosis. In this study, we developed a highly accurate and efficient "on-super on-off" photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor based on a dual-photoelectrode heterojunction system integrated with a multisphere cascade DNA amplification strategy. The designed heterojunction dual-photoelectrode platform, comprising a InO/CdS photoanode (on state) and an in situ-formed MIL-68(In)/InO (MIO) photocathode, effectively extends the electron-hole transport pathway, enhances photogenerated charge separation, and produces high-amplitude signal output (super on state), thereby providing a robust baseline for signal transduction.

ift140-Deficient Zebrafish as a Model for Kidney Cystogenesis and an F0-Based Screen for Genetic Modifiers of Kidney Cysts.

Background: Genetic modifiers are believed to play an important role in the onset and severity of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but identifying these modifiers has been challenging due to the lack of effective methodologies.

Methods: We generated zebrafish mutants of IFT140, a skeletal ciliopathy gene and newly identified autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) gene, to examine skeletal development and kidney cyst formation in larval and juvenile mutants. Additionally, we utilized ift140 crispants, generated through efficient microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ)-based genome editing, to compare phenotypes with mutants and conduct a pilot genetic modifier screen.

Early-Start vs. Late-Start Icodextrin for Children Receiving Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis: Findings from the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network.

Background: Experience with icodextrin use in children on long-term peritoneal dialysis is limited. We describe international icodextrin prescription practices and their impact on clinical outcomes: ultrafiltration, blood pressure control, residual kidney function (RKF), technique and patient survival.

Methods: We included patients under 21 years enrolled in the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network (IPPN) between 2007 and 2024, on automated PD with a daytime dwell.

Histologic Chorioamnionitis and Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants.

Importance: Exposure to inflammation from chorioamnionitis places the fetus at higher risk of premature birth and may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental impairments, though the evidence for the latter is mixed.

Objective: To evaluate whether moderate to severe histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) is directly associated with adverse motor performance, independent of the indirect mediating effects of premature birth.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, population-based cohort study recruited participants between September 16, 2016, and November 19, 2019, from referral and nonreferral neonatal intensive care units of 5 southwestern Ohio hospitals.

Cervical Ripening in Pregnancy: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 9.

Purpose: The purpose of this document is to review current methods for cervical ripening and to summarize the effectiveness of these approaches based on appropriately conducted outcomes-based research. This document focuses on cervical ripening in individuals with term, singleton, vertex pregnancies with membranes intact, because this is the population in whom most studies were conducted. For more information on recommended timing of delivery based on maternal, fetal, and obstetric conditions and on labor management, refer to: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee Opinion No.

Correlation between visual function and corneal backscatter by Scheimpflug imaging or anterior segment optical coherence tomography in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Abtract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between corneal backscatter and visual function in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Study Design: Prospective case series.

Methods: This study included 53 eyes from 38 patients with FECD.

HMGB1: a multifaceted mediator of cell death pathways in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally, responsible for 32% of all fatalities. They significantly reduce quality of life and life expectancy, while imposing a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems in different countries. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a location-dependent multifunctional protein, plays a significant role in various cell death pathways associated with CVDs.

Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Portal Vein of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Anatomical Liver Resection.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently invades the portal vein, leading to early recurrence and a poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this invasion remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to detect portal vein circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a Glypican-3-positive detection method and evaluate their prognostic significance.

Assessing the knowledge of sports medicine physicians on idiopathic scoliosis: a national survey.

Background: Sports medicine physicians, like pediatricians and family physicians, are among the professionals who have the opportunity to assess healthy adolescents and conduct pre-participation evaluations. They can play a critical role in the early diagnosis of scoliosis and in ensuring that patients remain physically active and participate in sports activities. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of scoliosis assessment and the knowledge of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) among sports medicine physicians in Türkiye.

Carbon quantum dot-aptamer/MoS nanosheet fluorescent sensor for ultrasensitive, noninvasive cortisol detection.

This work presents the development of a highly sensitive, selective, and efficient aptamer-based fluorescent sensor for detecting cortisol in human urine. Carbon quantum dots-nucleic acid aptamer (CQDs-Apt) synthesized with excellent photoluminescent properties and stability, were selected as the fluorescent probe. In the presence of MoS-NSs, CQDs-Apt adsorbed onto the surface of MoS-NSs via electrostatic and π-π interactions, leading to strong and rapid fluorescence quenching due to static quenching mechanism between them.

[Type D personality style and back pain : A narrative overview of the relevance of psychosocial factors in orthopedic pain therapy].

Background: The Type D personality ("distressed personality") is characterized by a combination of negative affectivity and social inhibition. While this personality style was originally researched in the context of cardiovascular disease, recent studies also show a significant association with chronic pain disorders, especially back pain.

Objectives: This narrative review examines the current state of knowledge on the relationship between type D personality and back pain.

Evaluating the role of alpha cell dysregulation in the progression to type 2 diabetes using mathematical simulations.

Aims/hypothesis: Alpha cell dysregulation is an integral part of type 2 diabetes pathophysiology, increasing fasting as well as postprandial glucose concentrations. Alpha cell dysregulation occurs in tandem with the development of insulin resistance and changes in beta cell function. Our aim was to investigate, using mathematical modelling, the role of alpha cell dysregulation in beta cell compensatory insulin secretion and subsequent failure in the progression from normoglycaemia to type 2 diabetes defined by ADA criteria.

Association of cardiovascular risks and carotid stiffening at ultrafast ultrasound imaging in young populations.

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive role of carotid stiffening, quantified using ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV), for assessing cardiovascular risk in young populations with no or elevated cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs).

Materials And Methods: This study enrolled 180 young, apparently healthy individuals who underwent ufPWV measurements. They were classified into three groups: the CVRF-free group (n = 60), comprising current non-smokers with untreated blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg, fasting blood glucose (FBG) < 7.

[Validation and clinical value of prognostic model for assessing the risk of severe acute pancreatitis based on inflammatory and hemostasis markers].

Objective: To validate and assess clinical efficacy of a prognostic model for predicting severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) based on inflammatory markers (IL-6, ΔIL-22), thromboelastography parameters (K-time) and the BISAP score.

Material And Methods: A prospective observational cohort study enrolled 181 patients with acute pancreatitis. Serum IL-6 and IL-22 were measured in 24 and 48 hours after clinical manifestation, respectively.

Incorporating Rare Disease Growth Monitoring Into Routine Practice to Improve Early Recognition and Diagnosis of Genetic Conditions.

Routine growth monitoring includes plotting children on World Health Organization or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention charts that have primarily been developed on typical, healthy populations. However, it is advisable to plot children with known genetic conditions on specialized growth curves (SGCs) when they are available. In this review, we highlight the most common genetic conditions for which SGCs are available, clinical reasons to use SGCs based on specific rare diseases, and how these SGCs can be found.

Are we screening effectively? A systematic review and meta-analysis of proposed risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease screening.

Objectives: To systematically review and meta-analyse the risk factors proposed by the American College of Rheumatology and American College of Chest Physicians as screening tools for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), focusing exclusively on studies using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in prospectively collected data from unselected RA patients.

Method: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies evaluating RA-ILD risk factors. Selection criteria included studies using HRCT in prospective, unselected RA cohorts.

Early Integration of Palliative Care Services in Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Patients.

Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant are at risk for significant morbidity and mortality throughout their treatment course. The aim of this evidence-based practice project was to determine if the use of a palliative care trigger tool impacted the number of palliative care consults and/or the early integration of palliative care services within the pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient population. A trigger tool was developed to identify patients at highest risk for stem cell transplant-associated morbidity and mortality.

Exosomal Proteome from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice Serves as Identity of Liver Cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes approximately 90% of liver cancers, yet its early detection remains challenging due to the low sensitivity of current diagnostic methods and the difficulty in identifying minimal cancer cells within the body. This study employed a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model to screen for biomarkers, leveraging its advantage of low background interference compared to human serum exosome studies. Using a novel microextraction technique, exosomes were isolated from just one microliter of serum from HCC PDX mice, followed by proteomic profiling.

Parity influences on the infant gut microbiome development: a longitudinal cohort study.

Parity, the number of pregnancies carried beyond 20 weeks, influences the maternal gut microbiome. However, whether parity modulates the infant microbiome longitudinally remains underexplored. To address this, 746 infants in a longitudinal cohort study were assessed.

Adherence of Anti-Dementia Medications in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.

Background: Readily available treatments for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Non-adherence and early discontinuation of anti-dementia medications are prevalent issues. We aimed to investigate factors associated with suboptimal usage of anti-dementia medications in ADRD.

Allergy to : Comprehensive review from the origin to the therapeutic approach.

is an ubiquitous mold commonly found in both outdoor and indoor environments. It is a common airborne mold recognized as a significant aeroallergen linked to pediatric allergic rhinitis and asthma. Although sensitization rates in children vary regionally, evidence suggests that allergy significantly impacts pediatric respiratory health and as its exposure worsens, respiratory outcomes in susceptible pediatric populations .

Early experience with a prefabricated bioprosthetic aortic valved conduit: The first 100.

Objective: To evaluate the early postoperative morbidity, mortality, and prosthetic conduit function of patients who underwent aortic root replacement using a prefabricated bioprosthetic aortic valved conduit.

Methods: Single-center retrospective review of 124 consecutive adult patients who underwent aortic root replacement with a certified prefabricated bioprosthetic aortic valved conduit from 2021 to December 2023.

Results: Indications for operation were aortic aneurysms (n = 92), endocarditis (n = 12), deterioration of prior valve prosthesis (n = 13), and aortic dissection (n = 6).

A Web-Based Dynamic Nomogram for Early Diagnosis in Sepsis: Development and Validation with Real-World Clinical Utility.

Purpose: Sepsis has high mortality and progresses rapidly, requiring early diagnosis; traditional scoring and lab parameters are limited in non-ICU settings, highlighting the need for biomarker integration and continuous monitoring to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1,098 patients at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province identified sepsis and non-sepsis groups per Sepsis 3.0 criteria, Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Arrhythmias in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly seen in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), but their prevalence, risk factors, and prognostic significance are still not fully understood.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with AECOPD, identify related clinical factors, and assess their influence on in-hospital mortality.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Cochrane Reviews was conducted to identify observational studies and randomized controlled trials.