Bioactive Potential and Health Benefits of L.: A Comprehensive Review.

Fenugreek seeds ( L.) are known for their impressive range of health benefits, thanks to their diverse array of phytochemicals. These include steroidal sapogenins like diosgenin, alkaloids such as trigonelline, as well as flavonoids, saponins, galactomannans, and polyphenols.

A vegetarian diet improves hepatic steatosis in MASLD patients through weight loss: a randomized controlled trial in China.

: The therapeutic potential of vegetarian diets in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains understudied in Asian populations. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a culturally adapted 6-month lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (LOV-D) on hepatic steatosis and cardiometabolic risk factors through weight loss. : In this randomized trial, 220 Chinese adults with MASLD were assigned to LOV-D ( = 110) or an omnivore diet ( = 110) for 6 months.

Incretin-Based Adjunct to Background Insulin Treatment for Managing Body Weight Excess in Type 1 Diabetes: An Expert Opinion Viewpoint From the Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

Overweight and obesity represent common chronic metabolic disorders in the general population, and observed trends describe a substantial growth in the prevalence of weight excess also among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the so-called 'lean phenotype' of diabetes. The sharp rise of weight excess and obesity-related cardio-nephron-metabolic burdens observed in T2D is expected to produce similar consequences in T1D, leading to the urgent need to endorse therapeutic protocols as in most parts of the World no adjunctive treatments are approved for T1D, making weight excess management challenging in these individuals. The notable results shown by newer glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and emerging dual agonists, especially while managing cardio-metabolic burdens, in T2D have encouraged fervent anecdotal and non-anecdotal research also in T1D, indicating that non-insulin injective agents can be effective and safe.

Influence of dietary intake and eating patterns on reactive hypoglycemic events in patients postesophagectomy: A prospective observational study using continuous glucose monitoring.

Background: Esophagectomy causes anatomical changes that can lead to rapid food transit and reactive hypoglycemia (RH). Patients are advised on eating patterns postesophagectomy to prevent RH, but its true incidence and the impact of dietary recommendations remain under-researched.

Materials And Methods: Individuals >12 months postesophagectomy were recruited from the National Centre for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer at St James's Hospital in Dublin, Ireland.

Influence of dietary components on the gut microbiota of middle-aged adults: the gut-Mediterranean connection.

Background: A plant-focused, healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet enriched with dietary fiber, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fats, is well known to positively influence the gut microbiota. Conversely, a processed diet high in saturated fats and sugars negatively impacts gut diversity, potentially leading to weight gain, insulin resistance, and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Despite this understanding, the mechanisms by which the Mediterranean diet impacts the gut microbiota and its associated health benefits remain unclear.

European survey on metabolic and cardiovascular risk in Cushing syndrome.

Background: Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and morbidities. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of these issues in active or remitted CS are not available, so best practice is derived from guidelines developed for the general population. We aimed to evaluate the awareness and practice variation for CV comorbidities of CS across Reference Centres (RCs) of the European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN).

Nobiletin Alleviates Npy1r-Mediated Insulin Secretion Deficiency of Islet β-Cells via the Clock-Modulatory Signaling.

Current research indicates that insulin secretion deficiency in β-cells contributes to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is associated with neuropeptide Y receptor (Npy1r) overexpression from neuropeptide Y (NPY) system dysregulation. To date, limited literature has explored nobiletin (NOB) as a circadian modulator for restoring β-cell function through Npy1r regulation. This study investigates NOB's stimulatory effects on insulin secretion via Npy1r and clock-modulatory signaling to elucidate its underlying mechanism.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Key Regulatory Genes and Pathways Involved in Macrophage Inflammation Induced by Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) possesses multiple virulence factors and causes severe infections with elevated mortality rates. It induces a strong inflammatory response in the host, with macrophages playing a key role in defense and inflammation. However, the signaling pathways of macrophages involved in response to hvKP infection remain unclear.

Diabetes management during and after Ramadan among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia: exploring self-efficacy, self-care, and glycemic control.

Background: Fasting during Ramadan poses distinct challenges for individuals with diabetes, especially pregnant women, due to increased metabolic demands and the heightened risk of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and dehydration. Although medical guidelines often advise against fasting in this group, many women still choose to observe the fast. This study aims to explore diabetes self-efficacy and self-care behaviors during and after Ramadan among pregnant women.

Postpartum anxiety: a state-of-the-art review.

Although there has been increasing interest in the study of postpartum anxiety in recent years, it remains an emerging field. We present a state-of-the-art review of postpartum anxiety, with the aim of comprehensively surveying postpartum anxiety literature and presenting a synthesis of the complete body of knowledge around postpartum anxiety. We found an estimated global prevalence of 12·3% for postpartum anxiety.

Targeting PANoptosis: a promising therapeutic strategy for ALI/ARDS.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex, high-mortality pulmonary disease triggered by multiple etiological factors, potentially progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). During the development of ALI/ARDS, a key pathological feature involves the disruption of the intact alveolar-capillary barrier, which is formed by alveolar epithelium, pulmonary interstitium, and microvascular endothelium. Under physiological conditions, cell death removes excess or dysfunctional cells, defends against pathogenic microorganisms, and thus plays a protective role while maintaining homeostasis.

Use of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma patients aged >65 years: a population-based study by the Nordic Myeloma Study Group.

Not available.

Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Uptake, Toxicity, and Steroidogenesis in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells Using a Multicellular in vitro Model.

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis, limited treatment options, and high recurrence rates. Surgery and mitotane-based chemotherapy remain the standard of care, and new treatment strategies are needed. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) offer promise as theranostic agents due to their modifiability for selective uptake and imaging.

Intertwined Paths: Exploring the Link Between Oral Diseases and Eating Disorders. A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric conditions with profound impacts on physical health, emotional well-being, and quality of life. They are associated with reduced employment participation and increased healthcare costs, representing a significant public health concern.Major EDs, including Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge-eating disorder (BED), and Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders (OSFED), are closely linked to oral health complications, which serve as both diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in ED management.

The role of probiotics in modulating RANKL in osteoporosis: A systematic review of animal interventional studies and RCTs.

Background: Osteoporosis is a major global health concern characterized by reduced bone mass and structural deterioration. The RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in bone remodeling, particularly in osteoclastogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that probiotics may modulate this pathway through the gut-bone axis, offering potential therapeutic benefits for bone loss.

Preoperative prognostic nutritional index and albumin levels are associated with cancer staging in patients undergoing gastrectomy.

Background: Gastric cancer often is diagnosed at an advanced stage and is associated with severe malnutrition. Existing data suggest systemic inflammation and malnutrition impact prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between malnutrition and inflammation as well as whether preoperative assessments of laboratory tests or inflammation-based biomarkers can serve as prognostic factors for cancer staging.

Satellite cells choreograph an immune cell-fibrogenic cell circuit during mechanical loading in geriatric skeletal muscle.

Muscle stem cells, or satellite cells (SCs), decline in number throughout the lifespan and may become senescent in very old age. Whether and how remaining SCs contribute to muscle adaptation in the oldest-old is unclear. Using acute mechanical overload in geriatric SC replete and depleted mice (28-month-old) combined with single-cell RNA-sequencing, we show: (i) subsets of geriatric SCs display signs of senescence as well as normal fate progression during overload, (ii) SCs express markers that may contribute to the regulation of innervation, (iii) the presence of SCs during overload enhances global intercellular communication and increases mRNA levels of the cell surface receptor in immune cells, (iv) macrophage migration inhibitory factor (), the primary ligand for CD74, is enriched in fibrogenic cells and is more pronounced in the absence of SCs-perhaps to normalize dysregulated fibrotic signaling and migration in macrophages, and (v) SCs influence cell fate dynamics to promote the canonical macrophage response to hypertrophic loading.

Effects of lactylation on the hallmarks of cancer (Review).

Lactylation, an emerging metabolism-dependent post-translational modification, serves as a core mechanism linking metabolic reprogramming with epigenetic regulation in establishing the multifaceted hallmarks of cancer. The present review systematically elucidates how lactylation dynamically regulates the functions of both histone and non-histone proteins, driving the acquisition of classical cancer hallmarks including sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resistance to cell death, induction of angiogenesis, activation of invasion and metastasis and replicative immortality. Furthermore, lactylation is intricately involved in enabling the emerging hallmarks of cancer, such as the maintenance of genome instability, shaping of a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, unlocking phenotypic plasticity and non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming.

Role of behavioural interventions in managing gestational weight gain in overweight and obese pregnant women: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: Women undergo various physiological, psychological, and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Approximately, two-thirds of expecting mothers gain excessive gestational weight beyond the recommended guidelines. Dietary habits, physical activity, and lifestyle choices can contribute to excessive gestational weight gain.

Tracing global inequities in radiology research: a multi-level analysis of research output.

Background: Authorship disparities in medical research are evident, particularly between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LICs/LMICs). These disparities have been analyzed in recent publications in Pediatric Radiology journal, noting that between 2019 and 2022, no manuscripts from LICs and only 13 manuscripts from LMICs were published. To our knowledge, an extensive review of publication trends in Pediatric Radiology journal and in radiology word containing journals, with regard to LICs/LMICs disparities, is currently lacking.

Validated HPLC Analysis of Puerarin in Pueraria lobata-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles With Intestinal Barrier Enhancement.

A high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated to quantify puerarin encapsulated in exosome-like nanoparticles derived from Pueraria lobata (ENsP). The method demonstrated high specificity, excellent linearity (r = 0.9999), and low limits of detection (LOD: 0.

Salmon Nasal Cartilage-Derived Proteoglycans Alleviate Cartilage Degeneration in Osteoarthritis by Modulating Inflammation and Apoptosis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage damage, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis of chondrocytes. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential properties of proteoglycans (PG) extracted from salmon nasal cartilage in both (HTB-94 human chondrocytic cells) and (monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rat model) approaches. Rats were treated with PG, and key parameters related to cartilage integrity, inflammation, and apoptosis were evaluated.

Longitudinal Association of Peak Oxygen Uptake with Vascular and Cardiac Structure and Function in German Paediatric Athletes.

This study aims to investigate the longitudinal associations between changes in maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and vascular/cardiac structure and function in paediatric athletes. 142 paediatric athletes with data for baseline and a one-year follow-up from the Munich Cardiovascular Adaptation in Young Athletes (MuCAYA) study (mean [SD] age at baseline: 14.0 [2.