Highly reliable personalized noninvasive hemoglobin estimation by using Vision Transformers and dual fine-tuning.

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing health care, particularly in precision medicine and noninvasive diagnostics. Anemia, which is a widespread condition that affects billions of people worldwide, compromises oxygen transport due to low hemoglobin levels, which leads to severe complications if left undetected. Early and frequent monitoring is essential, yet traditional blood tests can be invasive, costly, and impractical for continuous assessment.

Incretin-Based Adjunct to Background Insulin Treatment for Managing Body Weight Excess in Type 1 Diabetes: An Expert Opinion Viewpoint From the Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

Overweight and obesity represent common chronic metabolic disorders in the general population, and observed trends describe a substantial growth in the prevalence of weight excess also among individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the so-called 'lean phenotype' of diabetes. The sharp rise of weight excess and obesity-related cardio-nephron-metabolic burdens observed in T2D is expected to produce similar consequences in T1D, leading to the urgent need to endorse therapeutic protocols as in most parts of the World no adjunctive treatments are approved for T1D, making weight excess management challenging in these individuals. The notable results shown by newer glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and emerging dual agonists, especially while managing cardio-metabolic burdens, in T2D have encouraged fervent anecdotal and non-anecdotal research also in T1D, indicating that non-insulin injective agents can be effective and safe.

Strain Reversus Sign: Diagnostic Role and Correlation With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Findings in Constrictive Pericarditis.

Background: A typical echocardiographic longitudinal strain (LS) pattern of the left ventricle called strain reversus (SR) has been described in patients with constrictive pericarditis (CP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SR among pericardial diseases, its diagnostic role in CP, and its correlation with pericardial involvement assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods: Eighty-five patients (mean age, 57 ± 17 years; 32.

Development of midazolam/γ-cyclodextrin orodispersible films using direct powder extrusion 3D printing: A novel approach to inclusion complex and drug delivery systems formulation.

Direct printing of pharmaceutical powders allows the creation of personalized paediatric dosage forms, such as orodispersible films (ODFs). In this study, we present an optimized protocol to prepare midazolam (MDZ)/γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) inclusion complex-loaded ODFs using the innovative direct powder extrusion 3D printing technique (DPE). ODFs were formulated with a polymer blend consisting of polyethylene oxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, in the presence or without γ-CD.

The Glymphatic System and Sleep Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms, including significant sleep disturbances. The glymphatic system, a brain-wide clearance mechanism active during sleep, may play a key role in PD pathology by impairing the removal of toxic proteins like α-synuclein. Dysfunctional glymphatic clearance and disrupted sleep may create a cycle that accelerates neurodegeneration.

Why do echinocandins fail? Identifying Key Predictors to Improve Clinical Outcomes of Candida Bloodstream Infections: a Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study.

Background: Echinocandins represent first-line therapy for Candida Bloodstream Infections (C-BSIs). Incidence of treatment failure (TF) remains high with unclear risk factors.

Aim: to evaluate predictors of echinocandin TF for C-BSIs.

Gastrointestinal involvement in very early and established systemic sclerosis: insights from the SPRING-SIR national Italian registry.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and Very Early Diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS), identify clinical and serological features associated with GI involvement, and explore a cranio-caudal pattern of symptom distribution, using data from the Italian SPRING-SIR registry.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included patients fulfilling 2013 ACR/EULAR SSc or VEDOSS criteria. GI involvement was defined as symptoms in at least one GI tract segment and categorized as upper and lower.

Seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in Europe in occupational settings: A systematic review and metanalysis.

Objectives: Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a growing occupational risk due to the expanding geographical range of tick species and their associated pathogens. This study aims to assess TBD seroprevalence among different occupational groups in Europe, identifying high-risk professions and guiding targeted prevention efforts.

Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate TBD seroprevalence in occupational settings across Europe from January 2013 to June 2024.

Whole-genome sequencing and phenotyping of neglected and underutilized vegetable melons from the Salento diversity centre (Southern Italy).

The species L. includes two neglected and underutilized vegetable crops, cucumber melon ( subsp. var.

From desire to destruction: addiction, jealousy, and mental disorder in an Italian femicide case.

This contribution aims to analyse an Italian femicide case that progressed through three levels of trial up to the Supreme Court of Cassation and required an expert opinion. This analysis will address specific forensic psychiatry issues inherent to this field, i.e.

Modern approach to hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating innovative treatment strategies. Surgical resection and liver transplantation continue to be the gold standards for early-stage HCC; however, advances in imaging and minimally invasive techniques have improved patient selection and outcomes. Additionally, the emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape for advanced HCC.

Occurrence of Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated With Stimulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present with psychosis or bipolar disorder (BD) following treatment with stimulants. The extent to which this occurs is currently unclear.

Objective: To meta-analytically quantify the occurrence of psychosis or BD after exposure to stimulants in individuals with ADHD and assess possible moderating factors.

New hormonal agents and integrated strategies for non-metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate carcinoma: the orphan setting?-a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Most of newly diagnosed prostate carcinomas (PCas) present as non-metastatic disease, with approximately 15% of them presenting with characteristics predicting for a high-risk of relapse. Hence, specific focus has to be placed on patients affected by localised or locally advanced disease, whose chances of cure are notably higher than those of patients in advanced settings. With androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and docetaxel chemotherapy improving treatment efficacy outcomes when compared to traditional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the metastatic disease, clinical trials are currently investigating the activity of ARPI for clinical management of localised or locally advanced prostate patients, with the aim of preventing the cancer from spreading systemically.

Genetic determinants of testicular sperm extraction outcomes: insights from a large multicentre study of men with non-obstructive azoospermia.

Study Question: What is the diagnostic yield and the pre-testicular sperm extraction (TESE) prognostic value of a non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)-specific virtual gene panel?

Summary Answer: The diagnostic yield in our cohort was 6.1%, and by combining our data with published literature, we identified 11 genes compatible with testicular sperm production and 19 genes associated with no sperm retrieval in carriers of pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) mutations.

What Is Known Already: Azoospermia, the most severe form of male infertility, affects ∼1% of the male population, with TESE being the primary treatment option.

Selenium-coated chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-Se NPs) improve grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Sultana) performance grown under lead (Pb) toxicity.

Background: Selenium-coated chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-Se NPs) have been proposed as innovative engineered nanoparticles with the potential to alleviate various abiotic stresses, thereby enhancing plant growth and productivity. However, evidence of their efficacy remains limited. In this study, the effects of CTS-Se NPs (10 and 20 mg L⁻¹), along with CTS NPs (0.

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-grafted-dopamine based micelles as multifunctional nanomedicines for Parkinson's disease treatment by intranasal administration.

The main aim of this work was to synthesize new chitosan amphiphilic derivatives able to self-assembly encapsulating substances acting at different target sites implicated in Parkinson disease (PD). For this purpose, O-carboxymethyl-chitosan (O-CMCS) was grafted with dopamine (DA) exploiting a carbodiimide mediated coupling reaction using different polymer/DA weight ratios. The structural characterization of the resulting O-CMCS-g-DA conjugates was carried out by spectral (i.

Orthodontic Management of a Pediatric Patient Affected by Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Case Report.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to report the case of nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) observed in a female child, and to present the management of the surgical-orthodontic rehabilitation, through clinical and histological oral findings.

Method: A 13-year-old female was referred to our department for dental evaluation. The patient was affected by NCAH, confirmed by hormonal and genetic analysis from the age of 6 years, due to the appearance of premature pubic hair.

Generation and characterization of a patient-derived iPSC line, CSSi022-A (15666), with a pathogenic MFN2 mutation causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A; OMIM 609260) is a rare sensorimotor neuropathy caused by mutations in the MFN2 gene (1p36.22). We successfully reprogrammed fibroblasts from an 8-year-old girl carrying a de novo MFN2 mutation into induced pluripotent stem cells using non-integrative vectors.

Transverse perineal support improves long-term outcomes in patients undergoing stapled transanal rectal resection for obstructed defecation syndrome: a multicenter observational case-control study.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) combined with the transverse perineal support (TPS) procedure in the surgical treatment of obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) associated with internal rectal prolapse and excessive perineal descent (PD).

Methods: This multicenter observational case-control study involved 7 European centers. During the initial study period, patients underwent STARR alone (group 1), while in the subsequent period, patients received STARR combined with TPS (group 2).

Why internists should care about Helicobacter pylori: recapitulating gastric cancer prevention.

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a leading but also modifiable cause of gastric cancer. However, evidence indicates that the goal of a primary prevention of gastric cancer is still far from being achieved.

Increased GM-WM in a prefrontal network and decreased GM in the insula and the precuneus are associated with reappraisal usage and reduced perceived stress: A data fusion approach.

Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in mental health, and difficulties in regulating emotions can contribute to psychological disorders. While reappraisal and suppression are well-studied strategies, the joint contributions of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) to these strategies remain unclear due to methodological limitations in previous studies. To address this, we applied a data fusion approach using Parallel Independent Component Analysis (Parallel ICA) to GM and WM MRI images from 165 individuals.

Interleukin 10 supplement to reduce episodes of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a very frequent condition in developed countries whose basic symptom is a lesion referred to as an aphthous ulcer. High levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 and low salivary levels of IL-10 are the basis of RAS pathogenesis. Sublingual supplements based on IL-10 can be very useful in reducing the phenomenon of aphthous recurrence in patients with RAS.

Resting-state EEG gamma power predicts immediate and delayed recall in healthy adults.

Objective: Resting-state EEG (rsEEG) provides insights into neural mechanisms underlying memory by reflecting intrinsic brain activity. This study tested whether rsEEG spectral power and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) can predict memory performance in healthy adults.

Methods: Twenty-four healthy adults participated in two rsEEG recording sessions, followed by memory tests assessing multimodal Working Memory (WM), Immediate Recall (IR), and Delayed Recall (DR).