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Enhancing hydrophobic bioactives' bioaccessibility remains challenging in functional foods due to instability and insufficient controlled-release ability in conventional protein-polysaccharide carriers. We pioneer a new interaction model by covalently grafting corn stover cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with Zein using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), creating conjugates with gradient grafting degrees (CNF/Zein 0.5, CNF/Zein 1, and CNF/Zein 2). Excitingly, compared to the non-covalent complex (CNF-Zein), conjugates exhibited a stable network-like microstructure, lower crystallinity, and enhanced thermal stability. Furthermore, the conjugates exhibited excellent amphiphilicity, forming denser and more stable emulsions. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed a dual stabilization mechanism of "interface adsorption-network encapsulation". Additionally, CNF/Zein-stabilized emulsions demonstrated controlled quercetin release and improved bioaccessibility during in vitro digestion tests, with the highest grafted CNF/Zein 2 showing 43.65 % bioaccessibility. This study first demonstrates the effectiveness of the EDC/NHS technique in alcohol-solution systems, providing novel strategies for conjugate design and lipophilic nutraceutical delivery.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146240 | DOI Listing |
Food Chem
September 2025
College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address:
Enhancing hydrophobic bioactives' bioaccessibility remains challenging in functional foods due to instability and insufficient controlled-release ability in conventional protein-polysaccharide carriers. We pioneer a new interaction model by covalently grafting corn stover cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with Zein using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), creating conjugates with gradient grafting degrees (CNF/Zein 0.5, CNF/Zein 1, and CNF/Zein 2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
August 2025
Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617.
High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption is a risk factor for obesity and metabolic syndrome, yet the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Catabolism of dietary fructose primarily occurs in the small intestine and liver, with fructose breakdown in the liver being pathological, while small intestinal fructose clearance protects the liver. Here, we unexpectedly found that inhibition of fructose catabolism specifically in the small intestine mitigates fructose-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem X
August 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
Buckwheat protein (BP) exhibits a nutritionally balanced amino acid profile and demonstrates multiple bioactive properties, although certain functional limitations restrict its broader application. This study systematically optimized the reaction conditions for both wet/dry-heat glycosylation between BP and polysaccharide (FEP), characterized the effects of these conjugation methods on BP's functional properties, and successfully employed the resulting bioconjugates for vitamin D₃ (VD) encapsulation. The data demonstrate that the wet glycosylation method achieved a degree of grafting (DG) of 17.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Polym
November 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA.
In this current study, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was grafted onto corn starch (CS), proceeding with a chemical modification method to obtain modified CS (CS) with improved properties. When CS and CS were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterisation, distinct peaks were observed in CS. During FTIR characterisation, peaks at 1714 cm and 1629 cm were observed, corresponding to CO stretching of HEMA and secondary amines, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chromatogr A
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Institute of functional materials and agricultural applied chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China. Electronic address:
Edible oils are prone to contamination by aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), posing significant food safety risks. In this study, a series of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with varying alkyl chain lengths (C₂, C₄, C₆, C₈) were covalently grafted onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via a free-radical method to develop IL@MWCNT adsorbents (EMIM@MWCNT, BMIM@MWCNT, HMIM@MWCNT, OMIM@MWCNT) for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of AFB₁, followed by HPLC-fluorescence detection. Comprehensive characterization revealed that chain length critically influenced material properties: SEM and BET analysis demonstrated that HMIM@MWCNT (C₆) exhibited the highest specific surface area (101.
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