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Article Abstract

Enhancing hydrophobic bioactives' bioaccessibility remains challenging in functional foods due to instability and insufficient controlled-release ability in conventional protein-polysaccharide carriers. We pioneer a new interaction model by covalently grafting corn stover cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with Zein using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), creating conjugates with gradient grafting degrees (CNF/Zein 0.5, CNF/Zein 1, and CNF/Zein 2). Excitingly, compared to the non-covalent complex (CNF-Zein), conjugates exhibited a stable network-like microstructure, lower crystallinity, and enhanced thermal stability. Furthermore, the conjugates exhibited excellent amphiphilicity, forming denser and more stable emulsions. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed a dual stabilization mechanism of "interface adsorption-network encapsulation". Additionally, CNF/Zein-stabilized emulsions demonstrated controlled quercetin release and improved bioaccessibility during in vitro digestion tests, with the highest grafted CNF/Zein 2 showing 43.65 % bioaccessibility. This study first demonstrates the effectiveness of the EDC/NHS technique in alcohol-solution systems, providing novel strategies for conjugate design and lipophilic nutraceutical delivery.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146240DOI Listing

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Enhancing hydrophobic bioactives' bioaccessibility remains challenging in functional foods due to instability and insufficient controlled-release ability in conventional protein-polysaccharide carriers. We pioneer a new interaction model by covalently grafting corn stover cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with Zein using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), creating conjugates with gradient grafting degrees (CNF/Zein 0.5, CNF/Zein 1, and CNF/Zein 2).

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