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Redox-active colloids (RACs) represent a novel class of energy carriers that exchange electrical energy upon contact. Understanding contact-mediated electron transfer dynamics in RACs offers insights into physical contact events in colloidal suspensions and enables quantification of electrical energy transport in nonconjugated polymers. Redox-based electron transport was directly observed in monolayers of micron-sized RACs containing ethyl-viologen side groups via fluorescence microscopy through an unexpected nonlinear electrofluorochromism that is quantitatively coupled to the redox state of the colloid. Via imaging studies, using this electrofluorochromism, the apparent charge transfer diffusion coefficient of the RAC was easily determined. The visualization of energy transport within suspensions of redox-active colloids was also demonstrated. Our work elucidates fundamental mechanisms of energy transport in colloidal systems, informs the development of next-generation redox flow batteries, and may inspire new designs of smart active soft matter including conductive polymers for applications ranging from electrochemical sensors and organic electronics to colloidal robotics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ady7716 | DOI Listing |
Sci Adv
September 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Redox-active colloids (RACs) represent a novel class of energy carriers that exchange electrical energy upon contact. Understanding contact-mediated electron transfer dynamics in RACs offers insights into physical contact events in colloidal suspensions and enables quantification of electrical energy transport in nonconjugated polymers. Redox-based electron transport was directly observed in monolayers of micron-sized RACs containing ethyl-viologen side groups via fluorescence microscopy through an unexpected nonlinear electrofluorochromism that is quantitatively coupled to the redox state of the colloid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.. Electronic address:
Small-molecule imine compounds have attracted increasing attention as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to the high redox activity of the CN functional group. However, the inherently low electronic conductivity of organic small molecules, combined with their high solubility and the formation of unfavorable discharge products in aqueous electrolytes, significantly hampers their electrochemical performance. Herein, we report the synthesis of an imine-based compound, dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]quinoxalino[2,3-i]phenazine (DPQPZ), featuring six redox-active sites, intermolecular π-π stacking interactions, and a fully conjugated two-dimensional planar structure with delocalized electron distribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China. Electronic address:
Developing advanced functional adsorbents capable of selectively recovering gold from electronic waste (e-waste) and enriching trace amounts of gold from seawater is a critical technical imperative for advancing a sustainable economy. In this study, a cationic pyridine porphyrin-based porous organic polymer (Pyd-PPOPs-Br) was rationally designed and presented via a one-pot bottom-up approach by integrating cationic pyridine-based building blocks with pyrrole. The incorporation of positively charged pyridine sites and redox-active porphyrin rings conferred Pyd-PPOPs-Br with an ultrahigh gold recovery capacity of 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China. Electronic address:
Developing conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with enhanced redox activity and extended π-conjugation is essential for advancing high-performance supercapacitors with improved energy density and long-term stability. In this study, we developed a one-pot palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig/Suzuki-Miyaura (BHSM) double-coupling strategy to synthesize CMPs (BHSM-CMPs) with high specific capacitance and excellent cycling stability. By employing triaminotriphenylamine, 3,6-dibromophenanthrene-9,10-dione and 3,5-dibromobenzeneboronic acid in various ratios, the BH coupling introduces redox-active amine nitrogen and anthraquinone units to enhance capacity, while the SM coupling forms CC bonds that extend π-conjugation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China; Zhejiang Institute of Photoelectronics & Zhejiang Institute for Advanced Light Source, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China. Electronic address:
Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have emerged as highly promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, their practical application is significantly hindered by marked capacity decay during cycling, which is predominantly attributed to the Jahn-Teller (J-T) distortions of redox-active metal sites. Despite extensive efforts to enhance the reversibility and cyclability of PBA cathodes, the role of the electronic configuration and spin state of transition metal atoms in alleviating structural instability, particularly through electronic modulation of J-T distortions, has remained relatively unexplored.
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