Long-range deployment of tumor-antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes inhibits lung metastasis of breast cancer.

Dev Cell

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat

Published: August 2025


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Article Abstract

Tumor-antigen-specific CD8 T cells (CTLs) are the main effector immunocytes in anti-tumor immunity, but their systemic deployment against cancer metastasis remains uncharacterized. Here, we found that the abundance of tumor-specific CD103CD8 T cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) was associated with improved lung-metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients. In mouse cancer models, CD103CD8 T cells were primed in TDLNs and recruited to the lungs via C-C motif chemokine ligand 5/receptor 9 (CCL25/CCR9) signaling to inhibit metastasis through antigen-specific immunity. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from early- and late-stage tumors differentially polarized alveolar macrophages to release CCL25 and IDO1, respectively, and the latter impaired pulmonary CD103CD8 T cell deployment, facilitating lung metastasis. Depleting IDO1 effectively rescued CD103CD8 T cell-mediated protection against lung metastasis. These findings exemplified long-range deployment of adaptive immunity to protect distant organs from metastasis, highlighting the therapeutic potential of reconstituting effector immune cell deployment (EICD) for cancer treatment.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2025.08.003DOI Listing

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