Surface Porousization of Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Micromachines (Basel)

Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Published: June 2025


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Article Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage. However, the commercial graphite anode is not suitable for SIBs due to its low Na ion storage capability. Currently, hard carbon has been considered a promising anode material for SIBs. Herein, the surface porousized hard carbon anode materials have been prepared by using hydrogen peroxide (HO) with a hydrothermal method (HC-HO) and utilized as the anode material for SIBs. The porous structure of HC-HO provides more storage space for Na ions and enhances the intercalation/deintercalation reversibility and diffusion rate of Na ions. Moreover, HC-HO can effectively alleviate the particle volume expansion and generate a thin and stable SEI film during charge/discharge processes. Thus, the HC-HO exhibits a high reversible capacity (314.4 mAh g with an ICE of 92.3% at 0.05 C), excellent rate performance (241.4 mAh g at 3 C), and outstanding cycling stability (a capacity retention of 78.6% after 500 cycles at 1 C). The preparation of porous hard carbon provides new ideas for the future development direction of hard carbon.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300324PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi16070771DOI Listing

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