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Zeolites with interconnected medium (10Ring) and large (12R) pores, such as the framework type, hold significant potential for catalysis but may suffer from instability due to a high germanium content required for their synthesis. Addressing this limitation, we report the synthesis of HPM-9, a novel -like germanosilicate zeolite, utilizing 1,1'-(1,8-octanediyl)bis(3-methylimidazolium) (8BMI) as the organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) in fluoride media. HPM-9 achieves significantly lower germanium content (Ge = Ge/(Ge + Si) down to 0.14) compared to the original IM-20 (Ge = 0.3), resulting in markedly improved stability upon calcination and exposure to water. Structural analysis using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (SPXRD) suggested disorder and DIFFaX simulations revealed that HPM-9 exhibits minimal stacking faults along the -axis, corresponding to an intergrowth with a polymorph where double four-membered rings () are partially replaced by single four-membered rings (), likely driven by the reduced Ge content. Furthermore, decreasing the Ge content further (Ge ≤ 0.05) subtly shifts the structure direction towards EMM-17, a zeolite featuring interconnected 11R and 10R pores. F MAS NMR suggests the presence of units in the synthesized EMM-17, and we propose a mechanism where the less stable -containing polymorph C nucleates first, templating the subsequent growth of -free polymorphs A and B by epitaxial intergrowth. Comparative studies with analogous OSDAs (7BMI and 9BMI) confirmed the optimal linker length of 8BMI for directing towards stable structures. The enhanced stability of HPM-9 opens avenues for the practical application of -type zeolites in catalysis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d5dt01413a | DOI Listing |
Clin Rheumatol
September 2025
Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
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College of Metrology Measurement and Instrument, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
During the long course of evolution, fish have developed complex skin structures to adapt to the dynamic aquatic environment. These skin features not only reflect optimal adaptation to the aquatic environment but also play a key role in effectively reducing fluid drag and improving swimming efficiency, to reveal the intrinsic connection between the complex skin structure of fish and drag reduction performance and to provide new design ideas for the drag reduction surface of underwater vehicles. Based on the different drag reduction characteristics of fish skin structures, this paper divides existing biomimetic drag reduction technologies into three categories: riblet drag reduction, flexible drag reduction, and composite drag reduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Labelled Comp Radiopharm
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National Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
September 2025
Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies (CEMNAT), Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, nam. Cs legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
Joint direct microscopy-calorimetry measurements of crystal growth were performed for a 60 nm amorphous Sb2S3 film deposited either on a Kapton foil or on a soda-lime glass. Calorimetric crystallization proceeded in two steps, originating either from mechanical and stress-induced defects (230-275 °C) or from homogeneously formed nuclei (255-310 °C); both processes exhibited an identical activation energy of 200 kJ mol-1. At temperatures <230 °C, a Sb2O3 crystalline phase formed along the rhombohedral Sb2S3 structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Phys
September 2025
Theoretical Physics IV, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
Density functional theory (DFT) is a cornerstone of modern electronic structure theory. In the Kohn-Sham scheme, the many-electron Schrödinger equation is replaced by a set of effective single-particle equations. Thus, the full complexity of the quantum mechanical many-particle effects is mapped to the exchange-correlation potential vxc(r).
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