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Article Abstract
Background: The association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and allergic diseases in children has been reported in observational studies, yet whether the relationship reflects causality remains unclear.
Methods: To address this, we performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic instrumental variables associated with ADHD (N = 38 691) and childhood allergy (N = 5337) from the largest available genome-wide association studies. Inverse-variance weighted was used as the primary estimate, whereas Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger regression were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy.
Results: The main MR estimates indicated that ADHD significantly associated with the risk of allergic diseases in children (odds ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.27, p = 0.017). The mediation analysis via two-step MR showed no evidence for mediating roles of gut microbiota and metabolites in the effect of ADHD on childhood allergy.
Conclusions: These findings may inform neuroimmune interaction and interventions for allergic diseases in children with ADHD.
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