Drug loading mechanism of hollow hydroxyapatite microcapsules.

Eur J Pharm Biopharm

Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Published: September 2025


Category Ranking

98%

Total Visits

921

Avg Visit Duration

2 minutes

Citations

20

Article Abstract

Inorganic hydroxyapatite microcapsules are innovative drug delivery devices tailored for oral drug delivery. They were designed as novel excipients, the so-called template inverted particles (TIP), to assist in preparing the orally disintegrating tablets. This study characterized the drug loading capacity using 11 clinically relevant drugs covering all BCS classes, focusing on midazolam HCl, ivermectin, ibuprofen, and metronidazole benzoate. An exceptionally high drug loading capacity of 45 % (v/v) was observed for all studied drugs. Compaction of loaded TIP resulted in mechanically stable tablets with tensile strengths of up to 6 MPa and disintegrating in a few seconds upon contact with water. Accelerated dissolution of encapsulated drugs is explained by the microcapsules' high specific surface area and the inhibited crystallization due to spacial constraints for some tested drugs. Efficient drug loading into TIP's internal hollow cavity structure is facilitated by a self-loading mechanism, eliminating the need for complex, drug-specific loading strategies. A mathematical model is presented to describe the self-loading mechanism of TIP, which is responsible for exclusive drug deposition within the cavity of the particles. We demonstrate that TIP, being a versatile and cost-effective platform technology, has the potential to facilitate the formulation development process of patient-friendly medicines.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2025.114785DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

drug loading
16
hydroxyapatite microcapsules
8
drug delivery
8
loading capacity
8
self-loading mechanism
8
drug
7
loading mechanism
4
mechanism hollow
4
hollow hydroxyapatite
4
microcapsules inorganic
4

Similar Publications

A Transformable Nanoplatform Precisely Positions Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via FAP-α for Improved Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.

Adv Healthc Mater

September 2025

State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation, damage, and disability. Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), abundant in RA synovium, crucially facilitate disease progression. These activated FLSs drive RA pathogenesis by upregulating adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Injectable and tissue adhesive chrysomycin A-laden chitosan hydrogel depot for MRSA-infected wound healing and tumor recurrence prevention.

Int J Biol Macromol

September 2025

Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address:

Tumor surgery often leads to tumor residue, tissue defects, and drug-resistant bacterial infections, resulting in high recurrence rates and chronic wounds. In this study, an injectable hydrogel was synthesized using glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-chitosan (GCh) and formylbenzoic acid-modified chrysomycin A (CA)-loaded F127 micelles (F127FA-CA). The formation of the hydrogel is achieved through Schiff base conjugation, which occurs between the amino groups present in GCh and the aldehyde groups located on the micelle surfaces.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Balanced biocompatibility in high-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based sponge containing nanoconfined silver citrate nanoparticles.

Int J Biol Macromol

September 2025

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China. Electronic address:

Balancing antibacterial efficacy, mechanical integrity, and biocompatibility remains a critical challenge in drug release systems for wound dressings. Many antimicrobial agents exhibit inherent cytotoxicity, compromising cell viability and tissue compatibility. To address this, an Absorbable Gelatine Sponge was synthetised based on high-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M) and loaded with silver citrate nanorods (AgCit), which confine silver nanoparticles to enable controlled ion release.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

PEGylated dendrimers for precision cancer therapy: Advances in tumor targeting, drug delivery, and clinical translation.

Biomater Adv

September 2025

Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.

PEGylated dendrimers have emerged as highly adaptable nanocarriers for targeted cancer therapy, offering exceptional control over size, surface functionality, and drug loading. The covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains to dendrimer surfaces improves biocompatibility, enhances circulation time, and minimizes immune clearance, facilitating passive tumor targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. These engineered nanosystems allow for precise encapsulation or conjugation of chemotherapeutic agents, nucleic acids, and imaging probes, with tunable release profiles.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Chronic wounds, particularly in diabetic patients, are characterized by prolonged inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, and delayed tissue regeneration. To address these challenges, the author developed a bioactive scaffold by incorporating quercetin nanoparticles (Qn) into a chitosan/silk fibroin (ChS) matrix, aiming to accelerate and enhance the wound healing process. Quercetin nanoparticles were synthesized via a solvent displacement method and incorporated into a ChS scaffold using a blending and freeze-drying technique.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF