HER2 Alterations across Solid Tumors: Implications for Comprehensive Testing.

Purpose: ERBB2 (HER2) alterations (e.g., overexpression, amplification, and mutations) are known to drive tumor progression.

Formulation and development of thymoquinone-loaded ufasome hydrogel for effective treatment of onychomycosis.

Chronic fungal nail infections like onychomycosis are challenging to treat due to drug resistance, long treatment durations, and poor nail penetration of conventional antifungals. Here, we report the formulation and evaluation of a thymoquinone-loaded ufasome hydrogel (TQ-UFs-Gel) designed for enhanced transungual delivery. TQ-UFs were prepared by thin-film hydration of sodium oleate and cholesterol, optimized via a central composite design to yield vesicles ~ 191.

Postgraduate doctors in training's limited knowledge and practice in the assessment and management of inpatients with diabetes and frailty may contribute to suboptimal outcomes.

Introduction: People with diabetes and frailty require less intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia. Previous study has shown low rates of HbA assessment and deintensification for people with diabetes and frailty. Postgraduate doctors in training (PGDiT) is important in the inpatient management of people with diabetes and frailty.

Threatened Vultures of India: Population, Ecology, and Conservation.

The objective of this review is to assess the population status, ecology, and conservation efforts for threatened, that includes critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable vulture species in India. Vultures are integral to ecosystem health, functioning as natural scavengers by consuming carcasses and preventing the spread of infectious diseases to humans and other animals. India is home to nine vulture species, of which four are critically endangered, one is endangered, three are near-threatened, and one is of least concern according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Redefining cancer treatment: the role of imatinib nanoparticles in precision medicine.

The world faces cancer as one of its primary mortality factors hence scientists must continuously research for enhanced treatment methods. The treatments for gastrointestinal stromal tumors and chronic myeloid leukemia improve because patients can receive tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib which finds both BCR-ABL fusion protein and other tyrosine kinases. Traditional administration of imatinib produces a range of negative effects due to systemic toxicity along with resistance development and absorption and solubility limitations.

Navigating the future of oncology: the transformative role of microrobots in precision cancer therapy.

Systemic chemotherapy has long served as a cornerstone in the management of various malignancies. However, its inherent lack of specificity often leads to significant adverse effects, prompting the exploration of innovative nanomedicine strategies to enhance therapeutic precision. Among these advancements, the engineering of microrobots has emerged as a promising avenue, garnering increasing interest due to their unique capabilities.

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: a sustainable nanoplatform for targeted colon cancer therapy.

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), produced using natural sources like plants and algae, have emerged as promising agents for colon cancer therapy due to their distinctive properties and eco-friendly synthesis. This approach leverages bioactive compounds from natural extracts to precisely control nanoparticle size and morphology while enhancing biocompatibility and reducing toxicity. AgNPs exert potent anticancer effects against colon cancer cell lines primarily by inducing cell death through mechanisms including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis modulation, leading to significant reductions in cell viability.

PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles: unlocking advanced strategies for cancer therapy.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a widely utilized biodegradable and biocompatible polymer in drug delivery systems, particularly for encapsulating drug molecules with poor solubility and permeability. PLGA nanoparticles, composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA), offer tunable properties such as controlled degradation rates and drug release kinetics. The PEGylation of PLGA nanoparticles results in the formation of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) corona on their surface, which enhances systemic circulation by reducing opsonization and immune system recognition.

Unveiling the power of polymeric nanoparticles: Pioneering advances in breast cancer treatment.

Breast cancer has become the most common type of cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy is a prevalent and efficacious treatment for breast cancer; yet, it presents several problems that might impact both the treatment's effectiveness and the patient's quality of life. Certain breast cancer cells exhibit inherent resistance to chemotherapeutic agents from the outset.

Translational Insights into Stimuli-Responsive Magnetic Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Treatment.

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, predominantly affecting women, and is often accompanied by significant treatment-related side effects. Despite the availability of multiple therapeutic modalities, including chemotherapy, survival rates have shown concerning stagnation or decline. A key limitation of current treatments is their lack of specificity, which leads to off-target toxicity and damage to healthy tissues.

Quality Improvement in the Practice of Blood Transfusions in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Procedures.

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a standard procedure for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and is especially favored in patients with a high surgical risk. Although TAVI is minimally invasive, blood transfusion remains a relevant postoperative concern. Glenfield Hospital routinely cross-matched four units of packed red cells (PRCs) for every TAVI patient.

Improving the rates of inpatient HbA assessment and medication deintensification in people with diabetes and frailty.

Background: Intensive glucose management in people with diabetes and frailty presents significant risk which outweighs potential benefit. Hospital admission presents an opportunity for interventions that may reduce the impact of overtreatment in people with diabetes and frailty. Our previous study has shown low rates of glycated haemoglobin(HbA) assessment and inpatient medication deintensification in people with diabetes and frailty.

Exosome-mediated communication in pancreatic cancer: From molecular crosstalk to clinical translation.

Pancreatic cancer continues to be one of the most lethal cancers globally, with incidence rates closely mirroring mortality. This high fatality rate is largely due to late-stage diagnosis, when treatment options are limited. Efforts to reduce PC-related mortality have focused on enhancing early screening techniques and improving treatments for advanced-stage disease.

Gallic Acid-Loaded Transethosomal Gel for Enhanced Topical Delivery and Sustained Therapeutic Efficacy in Psoriasis Management: Formulation, Optimization, In Vitro and Ex Vivo Assessment.

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-communicable inflammatory skin disorder for which current treatments are largely limited to symptomatic management. These approaches were often challenged with limitations like inadequate skin penetration, frequent dosing requirements, potential toxicity, and low patient adherence, ultimately compromising therapeutic outcomes and affecting patients' health. To obviate the flaws that are hindering the clinical success, nanotechnology has transpired as a revolutionary treatment alternative.

Silver nanoparticles: Forging a new frontline in lung cancer therapy.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for 18 % of all cancer deaths. The limitations of conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, are exacerbated by multidrug resistance (MDR) and systemic toxicity, underscoring the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. Nanotechnology, particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), shows potential in overcoming MDR by modulating key transporters and associated pathways, providing a promising approach for site-specific drug delivery with reduced adverse effects.

Smart liposomal systems for brain cancer: Technological innovations in drug delivery.

Brain cancer, particularly glioblastoma remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, largely due to its aggressive nature and the presence of the restrictive blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite advances in conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, patient outcomes remain poor. This review explores the emerging role of liposomes as nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in brain cancer therapy.

Transferrin-guided liposomal nanocarriers: A strategy for targeted cancer treatment.

Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and aberrant vascularization, remains a major challenge in clinical therapeutics. While chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, its effectiveness is often limited by systemic toxicity and lack of tissue specificity, which constrain the achievable therapeutic doses. When compared to traditional formulations, targeted drug delivery systems employing nanoparticles have demonstrated up to ten times greater bioavailability and three to five times higher drug accumulation in tumor tissues.

Recent advances in the clinical application of transferosomes for skin cancer management.

Skin cancer, encompassing melanoma and non-melanoma types, represents a significant health burden, with melanoma being particularly aggressive. Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of treatment, integrating small molecule drugs, phytoceuticals, and large biomolecules to combat this malignancy. Topical drug delivery provides a non-invasive alternative; however, the skin's inherent barriers limit drug penetration, posing a significant therapeutic challenge.

Biotinylated nanoparticles: A new frontier in nanomedicine and targeted cancer therapy.

The development of targeted drug delivery systems has become a cornerstone of modern cancer therapy which provides a pathway to maximize treatment effectiveness while reducing side effects. Among the plethora of innovative strategies, biotinylated nanoparticles have evolved as a hopeful tool due to their ability to exploit the elevated expression of biotin receptors on cancerous cells. The design, synthesis, and functionalization of biotinylated nanoparticles for cancer treatment are thoroughly examined in this review article.

Sugar-coated nanoparticles in healthcare: From laboratory innovations to clinical applications.

Sugar-coated nanoparticles (SCNPs) are revolutionizing nanomedicine by enhancing targeted drug delivery and precision therapeutics. Functionalized with sugars such as mannose, dextran, and maltose, SCNPs leverage glycan interactions to achieve superior therapeutic efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. These nanoparticles address multifactorial diseases, including cancer, tuberculosis, and neurodegenerative disorders, by improving drug solubility, bioavailability, and targeted cellular uptake.

Harnessing MUC1 aptamer-targeted nanoparticles for precision medicine in breast cancer.

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein from the mucin family, characterized by extensive glycosylation. It is present on the surface of most epithelial cells and is involved in interactions with invading microbes. Elevated MUC1 levels have been reported to affect multiple signaling pathways, influencing processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and distant metastasis.

Gastric Cancer, Version 2.2025, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology.

Gastric cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over 95% of gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are typically classified based on anatomic location and histologic type. Gastric cancer generally carries a poor prognosis because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.

Recent advances in PD-L1 siRNA nanocarriers for cancer therapy.

Tumor immune evasion depends on the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) mechanism, making it a prominent target in cancer therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to inhibit PD-L1 expression presents an innovative approach for boosting immunity against tumors. However, the therapeutic use of siRNA faces challenges, primarily due to its instability and inefficient cellular delivery.

Multifactorial balance rehabilitation in diabetic neuropathy elders: Randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, particularly affecting the elderly and increasing their risk of falls due to impaired balance. This study investigates the effect of a multifactorial balance rehabilitation program on postural stability, fall risk, and quality of life in elderly individuals with DPN.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 150 elderly participants (aged 60-80) diagnosed with DPN were enrolled.

Targeting ovarian cancer: The promise of liposome-based therapies.

A major cause of mortality among gynecological cancers, ovarian cancer is frequently unresponsive to standard therapies because to systemic toxicity and medication resistance. The contribution of liposomal drug delivery systems, specifically pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), to the advancement of ovarian cancer treatment is examined in this review. Liposomes, spherical lipid vesicles consisting of bilayer phospholipids, enable better drug delivery by preserving encapsulated pharmaceuticals and enabling tailored administration to tumor areas.