Elucidation of the possible synergistic effect of Torulaspora delbrueckii and ciprofloxacin in a rat model of induced pulmonary fibrosis and infected with Klebsiella pneumonia: An in vivo study.

The lungs are constantly subjected to enormous amounts of air and potentially transmitted agents, leading to a high incidence of severe and complex ailments urging the demand for defensive actions to maintain their regular function. Numerous studies have demonstrated how certain probiotics have many advantages including hindering pulmonary exacerbations in individuals with cystic fibrosis, which encourages the idea of combining them with approved antibiotics as a therapeutic choice for treatment patients with lung fibrosis who also have bacterial infections. This investigation aimed to test the possibility of a combination of Torulaspora delbrueckii as a probiotic with ciprofloxacin in an animal model having pulmonary fibrosis with a moderate load of Klebsiella pneumonia. Ninety adult male rats were split into six groups (15 rats/each): GI (control), GII (lung fibrosis), GIII (lung fibrosis infected by K. pneumonia), GIV (lung fibrosis infected by K. pneumonia then treated with ciprofloxacin), GV (lung fibrosis infected by K. pneumonia and fed with T. delbrueckii) and GVI (lung fibrosis infected by K. pneumonia then treated with combined therapy of ciprofloxacin and T. delbrueckii) for 28 days. Survival rate and bacterial load were determined in various experimental animal groups. Histological variations were examined as well as scanning electron microscopy. Gene expression, various levels of cytokines, redox enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were assessed and compared in different tested groups. The treatment using a combination of T. delbrueckii and ciprofloxacin is suggested as a new method to treat induced lung fibrosis in animals and infected with K. pneumonia as a possible option in complicated infection.