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Chinese distillers' grains (CDGs), a byproduct of liquor production, have low protein, high fiber, and elevated alcohol/lactic acid levels, limiting their use as animal feed. This study utilised a synthetic microbiome composed of Candida utilis (protein enhancement), Trichoderma viride (fiber reduction), Bacillus subtilis (detoxification), and Lactobacillus casei (functional enhancement) for solid-state fermentation. The results showed that crude protein content increased to 23.61 %, and true protein content to 20.45 %. Crude fiber, ethanol, lactic acid, and acetic acid contents decreased by 22.31 %, 77.25 %, 85.08 %, and 73.89 %, respectively. Amino acid content increased by 23.80 %, and flavour compounds rose by 140.76 %. Mycotoxins like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were undetectable, while vomitoxin (DON) remained below EU limits. In vitro digestibility of dry matter increased by 98.36 %. Pilot-scale trials showed a 1.42-fold increase in crude protein and a 1.34-fold increase in true protein, contributing to more efficient CDG utilisation and reduced agricultural costs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111154 | DOI Listing |
Front Microbiol
August 2025
Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia for Green Manufacturing in Bio-Fermentation Industry, Hohhot, China.
Corn husk, a predominant byproduct derived from intensive corn processing, is characterized by high cellulose content, low protein content, and poor palatability, which makes it difficult to be fully utilized by ruminants. This investigation employed corn husk as substrate for microbial protein production through a two-stage open solid-state fermentation (SSF) system using and yeast strains. The fermentation process yielded a 65.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Microbiol
August 2025
Biophysics Research Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
Introduction: Red yeast rice (RYR) is produced through solid-state fermentation by Monascus genus. Its functional component, Monacolin K (MK), has the same structure as lovastatin and can effectively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, thereby reducing serum cholesterol.
Methods: A combinatorial mutagenesis strategy integrating atmospheric room-temperature plasma and heavy-ion radiation was employed to generate mutant strains.
Biotechnol Rep (Amst)
December 2025
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
This study investigated the optimal conditions for enhancing protein quality and reducing anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal (SBM) through solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Among 78 isolates, strain MH03 exhibited the highest extracellular enzyme production and efficacy in enhancing SBM quality. Under optimized SSF conditions of 5 kg SBM, 5 cm thickness and 50 % initial moisture for 72 h, strain MH03 increased soluble protein from 3.31±0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Microbiol
January 2026
College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Centre of Solid State Brewing, Luzhou, 646000, China. Electronic address:
High-temperature Daqu (HTD) plays a critical role in shaping the microbial communities and metabolic profiles during the production of Jiangxiang-flavor Baijiu (JXFB). However, directed regulation of HTD properties remains challenging due to complex interactions among biotic and abiotic factors throughout the process. This study investigated the impact of Bacillus strains, including individual strains and synthetic microbial communities (SynMCs) composed of multiple strains, when combined with Monascus floridanus or Muqu, on the microbiota and metabolite profiles of HTD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
August 2025
Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece.
The citrus processing industry is an economically important agro-industrial sector worldwide; however, it produces significant amounts of waste annually. The biorefinery concept and the recovery of bio-based materials from agro-industrial residues, including citrus processing waste, are emphasized in the European Green Deal, reflecting the EU's commitment to fostering circularity. Biotreatment of citrus processing waste, including bioconversion into biomethane, biohydrogen, bioethanol and biodiesel, has been applied to valorize biomass for energy recovery.
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