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Here, we present a protocol for evaluating type VI secretion system (T6SS)-dependent fitness of the oral symbiont A. aphrophilus using biofilm competition assays and metaproteomics. We describe steps for designing T6SS-specific mutants. We then detail procedures for using them in competition assays with the pathobiont A. actinomycetemcomitans and in biofilm models, analyzing metaproteomes to assess the impact of the T6SS on multiple pathobionts. The biofilm model is designed to mimic the oral plaque ecosystem and includes seven species. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Oscarsson et al..
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103415 | DOI Listing |
Anal Chem
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China.
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) methods have been widely used in clinical diagnosis. Although ECL peptide-based biosensors continue to grow with good sensitivity and signal flexibility, little emphasis has been placed on the effect of the peptide sequence on ECL sensitivity. We herein studied the nuanced effects of different peptide sequences on the analytical performance of ECL peptide-based biosensors for matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) assay, in which [(pbz)Ir(DMSO)Cl] (pbz = 3-(2-pyridyl)benzoic acid) was used as the ECL emitter while a specific peptide was used as the molecular recognition element.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037.
Microglia regulate neuronal circuit plasticity. Disrupting their homeostatic function has detrimental effects on neuronal circuit health. Neuroinflammation contributes to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), with several microglial activation genes linked to increased risk for these conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Background: Maternal childhood maltreatment has been associated with higher risk of adverse neurodevelopment in offspring. Chronic systemic inflammation has been associated with childhood maltreatment and has been identified as a gestational risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment in offspring. Thus, inflammation may be a mechanism by which maternal exposure to maltreatment affects offspring neurodevelopment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Biol
September 2025
Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy in suppressing plasma viremia in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), persistent viral RNA expression in tissue reservoirs is observed and can contribute to HIV-1-induced immunopathology and comorbidities. Infection of long-lived innate immune cells, such as tissue-resident macrophages and microglia may contribute to persistent viral RNA production and chronic inflammation. We recently reported that de novo cytoplasmic expression of HIV-1 intron-containing RNA (icRNA) in macrophages and microglia leads to MDA5 and MAVS-dependent innate immune sensing and induction of type I IFN responses, demonstrating that HIV icRNA is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Department of Cardiology Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Background: The gut microbiota produces numerous metabolites that can enter the circulation and exert effects outside the gut. Several studies have reported altered gut microbiota composition and circulating metabolites in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) compared to healthy controls. Limited data is available on the interplay between dysbiotic features of the gut microbiota and altered circulating metabolites in HF patients.
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