Update on sleep disorders in advanced Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.

Multiple types of sleep disorders are encountered in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are often underreported and underdiagnosed. They include circadian disorders, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, rapid-eye-movement-sleep behavioral disorder, restless legs syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea. The prevalence of sleep problems increases early in the disease course, and sleep quality deteriorates overall as patients age and the disease progresses.

Discovery of AZD4144, a Selective and Potent NLRP3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.

Inflammatory disease is a major burden on health care, and new treatments are needed to manage exaggerated inflammatory responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key player in inflammation, the activation of which is believed to be associated with an increased cardiovascular and renal risk and play a major role in several common noncommunicable diseases. The emergence of evidence that small molecules can work as NLRP3 inhibitors has initiated a surge of drug discovery activities within the field.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Relation to the 5-2-1 Criteria in Parkinson's Disease in Sweden.

Background: Device-aided therapies (DAT) offer alternatives to oral or transdermal dopaminergic treatments in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), where they can reduce motor fluctuations and dyskinesia and improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The 5-2-1 criteria can be seen as a rough indicator when DAT might be considered, that is, when a patient has daily ≥2 hours off and/or ≥1 hour troublesome dyskinesia despite ≥5 daily oral levodopa intakes.

Objectives: The objective was to analyze differences in HRQoL and clinical outcomes in patients fulfilling and not fulfilling the 5-2-1 criteria.

Unified differentiable learning of electric response.

Predicting response of materials to external stimuli is a primary objective of computational materials science. However, current methods are limited to small-scale simulations due to the unfavorable scaling of computational costs. Here, we implement an equivariant machine-learning framework where response properties stem from exact differential relationships between a generalized potential function and applied external fields.

Atomistic simulations of out-of-equilibrium quantum nuclear dynamics.

The rapid advancements in ultrafast laser technology have paved the way for pumping and probing the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of nuclei in crystals. However, interpreting these experiments is extremely challenging due to the complex nonlinear responses in systems where lattice excitations interact, particularly in crystals composed of light atoms or at low temperatures where the quantum nature of ions becomes significant. In this work, we address the nonequilibrium quantum ionic dynamics from first principles.

Prediction of non-responders to oral appliance treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study.

Purpose: Several clinically available variables have been identified as predictors of non-response to oral appliance (OA) treatment, including endotypical traits such as severe upper airway collapsibility, unstable ventilatory control, and low arousal threshold. This study aimed to identify potential predictors of non-response to OA treatment in patients with OSA non-adherent to treatment with positive airway pressure.

Methods: Patients in this study were initially treated with OAs with and without elastic bands in a crossover design.

Mechanism and kinetics of turnover inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyl transferase in vitro and in vivo.

Nicotinamide N-methyl transferase (NNMT) is involved in the regulation of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) levels and has been implicated in a range of human diseases. Herein, we show that a class of NNMT inhibitors, analogs of the natural substrate nicotinamide (NAM), is turned over by the enzyme and that the methylated product is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme. The product inhibitor is, however, charged and has modest cellular potency.

Elevated concentrations of methyl isocyanate and isocyanic acid in cigarette smoke.

Monoisocyanates are usually intermediates of industrial processes but alkyl-isocyanates and isocyanic acid can also be created when nitrogen-containing compounds thermally degrade. One of the most notable monoisocyanates, methyl isocyanate (MIC), was accidentally released to the surrounding from a pesticide plant in the Bhopal disaster of 1984, where it killed several thousand and injured many more (Mishra et al. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 22(3):193-202 2009).

NLX-112 Randomized Phase 2A Trial: Safety, Tolerability, Anti-Dyskinetic, and Anti-Parkinsonian Efficacy.

Background: Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with 'false neurotransmitter' release of dopamine from serotonin (5-HT) neurons. NLX-112 is a first-in-class, highly selective 5-HT receptor agonist which counteracts LIDs in experimental PD models.

Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of NLX-112 compared with placebo in people with PD.

Prevalence of the oral pathogen and its FtxA toxin related to clinical parameters and presence of .

The Gram-positive organism is implicated in multiple oral diseases including periodontitis, and approximately 50% of known strains encode and produce a recently identified repeat-in-toxin (RTX) protein, FtxA, partly homologous to the leukotoxin. By assessing a longitudinal Ghanaian study population of adolescents, we recently identified a possible correlation between levels, gene carriage, and progression of clinical attachment loss (CAL). To extend knowledge on the possible significance of and its FtxA in periodontal disease, we have in the present work analyzed saliva samples in an independent cohort of periodontitis (n=156), collected at two private periodontal specialist practices in Perth, Western Australia.

Sociodemographic Inequalities in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults: 15 Years Follow-Up of the 1932 and 1942 Birth Cohorts in Sweden.

Objectives: Focusing on two birth cohorts of older adults, this study aimed to (1) describe the development of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) across time from 2007 to 2022 and (2) assess sociodemographic inequalities in OHRQoL and whether these inequalities remain stable, widen or narrow during the follow-up period.

Methods: In 1992 and 2007 the 1942 and 1932 birth cohorts living in the Swedish counties of Örebro and Östergotland participated with 6346 (response 71.4%) and 3735 individuals (response 71.

The Effectiveness of Salivary Sampling for the Detection and Quantification of in Periodontitis Patients.

The objective was to evaluate using unstimulated saliva in detecting and to compare the saliva and subgingival and mucosa membrane occurrence of this periodontal pathogen in patients diagnosed with advanced periodontitis. Patients with advanced forms of periodontitis ( = 220; mean age: 54.03 ± 03 years) at stage III/IV were sampled.

Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel: Data from the Swedish national registry for Parkinson's disease.

Background: Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) was introduced on the Swedish market in 2019. The therapy is aimed at patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with fluctuations and dyskinesias. Long-term efficacy and safety data are lacking.

Elastic Bands Improve Oral Appliance Treatment Effect on Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Randomised Crossover Trial.

Background: Oral appliances (OAs) that limit mouth opening during sleep, such as monobloc appliances, have shown superior treatment effects in subgroups of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. The application of elastic bands on bibloc appliances may resemble these benefits.

Objectives: The primary objective was to investigate if application of elastic bands to bibloc appliances improves treatment success (> 50% reduction of respiratory event index (REI)), in addition to other subjective variables.

Leukotoxin A Production and Release by JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotype in Relation to Culture Conditions.

Aggressive forms of periodontitis, especially in young patients, are often associated with an increased proportion of the Gram-negative bacterium of the microbiota of the affected periodontal sites. One of the virulence factors of is a leukotoxin (LtxA) that induces a pro-inflammatory cell death process in leukocytes. exhibits a large genetic diversity and different genotypes vary in LtxA production capacity.

Prevalence of Subgingival : Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.

This paper aims to investigate the presence of and to assess potential indicators of the risk of severe form(s) of periodontitis. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 156 consecutive patients with periodontitis was conducted. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the participants.

Monotherapy with infusion therapies - useful or not?

Infusion pump-based therapies are an effective treatment option for patients with advanced Parkinson´s disease. Achieving monotherapy with infusion-based therapies could simplify the treatment regimen, provide better medication adherence, reduce adverse events and drug interactions. This review presents the literature data on the efficacy, safety, and achievability of monotherapy with all available infusion-based therapies, including apomorphine, levodopa-carbidopa-intestinal gel (LCIG), levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG), and foslevodopa-foscarbidopa (LDp/CDp).

Motor Efficacy of Subcutaneous DIZ102, Intravenous DIZ101 or Intestinal Levodopa/Carbidopa Infusion.

Background: It has been suggested that carbidopa at high blood concentrations may counter the therapeutic effect of levodopa in Parkinson's disease by entering the brain and blocking central levodopa conversion to dopamine. We previously demonstrated equivalent plasma levodopa concentration in patients with Parkinson's disease during 16 h of (1) intravenous carbidopa/levodopa (DIZ101) infusion, (2) subcutaneous carbidopa/levodopa (DIZ102) infusion or (3) intestinal carbidopa/levodopa gel infusion. Plasma levels of carbidopa were however approximately four times higher with DIZ101 and DIZ102 than with LCIG, and higher than those usually observed with oral levodopa/carbidopa.

Automated surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in intensive care, northern Sweden: an observational case study.

Background: The digitalization of information systems allows automatic measurement of antimicrobial consumption (AMC), helping address antibiotic resistance from inappropriate drug use without compromising patient safety.

Objectives: Describe and characterize a new automated AMC surveillance service for intensive care units (ICUs), with data stratified by referral clinic and linked with individual patient risk factors, disease severity, and mortality.

Methods: An automated service collecting data from the electronic medical record was developed, implemented, and validated in a healthcare region in northern Sweden.

Completed genome and emergence scenario of the multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis ST215.

Background: A multidrug-resistant lineage of Staphylococcus epidermidis named ST215 is a common cause of prosthetic joint infections and other deep surgical site infections in Northern Europe, but is not present elsewhere. The increasing resistance among S. epidermidis strains is a global concern.

Presence and Immunoreactivity of in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The presence of periodontal pathogens is associated with an increased prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The systemic antibody response to epitopes of these bacteria is often used as a proxy to study correlations between bacteria and RA. The primary aim of the present study is to examine the correlation between the presence of (Aa) in the oral cavity and serum antibodies against the leukotoxin (LtxA) produced by this bacterium.