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Purpose: To explore the latest trends in research on whitening toothpaste and to present the issues and future perspectives of these studies.
Methods: An initial PubMed search was performed, followed by a meticulous manual review. A total of 543 papers were initially retrieved, and 54 final research papers were selected and analyzed through a manual review.
Results: The number of studies on whitening toothpastes has significantly increased, and while initial studies primarily focused on the efficacy of various whitening toothpastes, recent studies have shifted towards investigating the potential effects on dental hard tissues such as enamel and dentin. Common active ingredients used in these whitening toothpastes include hydrogen peroxide, activated charcoal, and blue covarine. Most studies have used commercial toothpastes with fixed ingredients rather than experimentally manufactured toothpaste, and it was noted that toothpastes from specific major manufacturers were frequently used.
Clinical Significance: Whitening toothpastes should be treated as separate entities based on their active ingredients, and more standardized experimental designs are required for better comparisons. Accurate analysis and labeling of other components of toothpaste are also essential.
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Int Dent J
August 2025
Unilever Oral Care, Bebington, Wirral, UK. Electronic address:
Objective: To measure the effect of toothpastes containing blue covarine on tooth whiteness and yellowness.
Methods: This was a randomised, double-blind, 4-period, crossover design study conducted at a Chinese clinical research facility. Sixty-six participants with 2 natural upper central incisors (UCIs) with Vita tooth shade in range 2M2 to 3M3, without visible damage, gum recession, restorations or extrinsic/intrinsic stain, were allocated to evaluate 4 test toothpastes in random order using Williams square approach.
Front Oral Health
July 2025
Department of Oral Medicine, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
This case report describes an instance of oral mucosal hypersensitive reaction resembling oral lichenoid reaction (OLR) induced by the use of a whitening toothpaste in a 28-year-old female patient presenting with extensive white hypersensitive reaction on the oral mucosa. The clinical features resembled an oral mucosal hypersensitivity reaction with lichenoid morphology. A detailed history revealed a clear temporal association between the onset of the reaction and the use of whitening toothpaste.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Esthet Restor Dent
July 2025
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and elemental composition of bioactive restorative materials.
Materials And Methods: A total of 210 disk-shaped specimens were prepared from Equia Forte HT (EF), Activa Bioactive Restorative (AB), Cention Forte (CF), Beautifil II (BF), and Filtek Z250 (FZ, control). The specimens underwent simulated toothbrushing using charcoal-containing, hydrogen peroxide (HO)-containing, and fluoride-containing toothpastes, as well as distilled water (control).
J Prosthodont
July 2025
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of simulated tooth brushing with different bristle types and two toothpaste formulations on the surface gloss and structural integrity of additively (AM) and subtractively (SM) manufactured resin composites and zirconia.
Materials And Methods: A total of 160 specimens were prepared from four material groups: AM resin composite (AM-RC), AM zirconia (AM-Z), SM resin composite (SM-RC), and SM zirconia (SM-Z). Each specimen was assigned to one of four subgroups based on toothbrush bristle type and toothpaste formulation.
BMC Oral Health
July 2025
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: To evaluate the impacts of various charcoal-containing whitening toothpastes on color stability and surface roughness of a supra-nanofilled composite resin.
Methods: A total of 105 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated using a supra-nano spherical-filled composite resin and immersed in a coffee solution to induce staining. Color and surface roughness were measured before (T) and after staining process (T).