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Article Abstract
Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy, a unique inducer of tolerance, may result in T cell exhaution.
Aims: To investigate how the duration of house dust mite (HDM) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) affects the expression of major immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules on the surface of CD4 T-helper and regulatory T (Treg) cells.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: We enrolled 28 children with HDM-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) and six controls. The study participants were divided into six groups: one group each of patients in their first, second, and third years of HDM-SCIT; one group each comprising those in the first year following HDM-SCIT and those on pharmacotherapy; and the control group. The expression of ICPs on CD4 T and Treg cells was determined using flow cytometry, and plasma levels of soluble ICPs were estimated by ELISA.
Results: Our results revealed a significant increase in the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) on CD4 T cells during the second and third years of SCIT, respectively. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between the expression of CTLA-4 and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing molecule-3 in CD4 T cells. Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation between the expressions of programmed cell death protein-1, CTLA-4, T cell Immunoreceptor with Immunoglobulin and Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif domain, and LAG-3 on both CD4 T and Treg cells. A robust correlation was observed between the plasma levels of soluble ICPs.
Conclusion: HDM-SCIT induces CD4 T cell exhaution, which may contribute to tolerance induction in children with AR.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588924 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2024-6-19 | DOI Listing |
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