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The development of Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) is always hindered by the ruleless interface reactions between the solid electrode and liquid electrolyte, and seeking appropriate electrolyte additives is considered as a valid approach to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interphases for high-performance ZIBs. Benefiting from the unique solubility of TiOSO in acidic solution, the composite electrolyte of 2 m ZnSO+30 mm TiOSO (ZSO/TSO) is configured and its positive contribution to Zn//Zn cells, Zn//Cu cells, and Zn//NHVO batteries are comprehensively investigated by electrochemical tests and theoretical calculations. Based on the theoretical calculations, the introduction of TiOSO contributes to facilitating the desolvation kinetics of Zn ions and guarantees the stable interface reactions of both zinc anode and NHVO cathode. As expected, Zn//Zn cells keep long-term cycling behavior for 3750 h under the test condition of 1 mA cm-1 mAh cm, Zn//Cu cells deliver high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% for 1000 cycles under the test condition of 5 mA cm-1 mAh cm, and Zn//NHVO batteries maintain reversible specific capacity of 193.8 mAh g after 1700 cycles at 5 A g in ZSO/TSO electrolyte. These satisfactory results manifest that TiOSO additive holds great potential to improve the performances of ZIBs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202404237 | DOI Listing |
J Colloid Interface Sci
September 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address:
Pre-intercalation has emerged as a highly effective strategy to enhance structural integrity and ion transport kinetics in cathodes for aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Here, we report a zinc-ion pre-intercalated hydrate vanadium oxide cathode, in which the initial insertion of Zn induces a significant expansion of the interplanar spacing, followed by contraction at higher Zn concentrations owing to strong electrostatic interactions with the VO framework. Such competing expansion and contraction of interplanar spacing enhances the overall electrochemical properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall Methods
September 2025
Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
The development of planar on-chip micro-batteries with high-capacity electrodes and environmentally friendly and stable architectures is critical for powering the next generation of miniaturized system-on-chip smart devices. However, realizing highly stable micro-batteries remains a major challenge due to complex fabrication processes, electrode degradation during cycling, and the uncontrolled growth of dendrites in metal-based anodes within the confined spaces between electrodes. To address these issues, this study presents an approach that incorporates a 3D porous nickel (Ni) scaffold at the metal anode, offering improved micro-anode stability compared to conventional planar zinc and 3D porous zinc (Zn) scaffolds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Mater
August 2025
Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Efficient energy storage systems are crucial to address the intermittency of renewable energy sources. As multivalent batteries, Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs), while inherently low voltage, offer a promising low-cost alternative to Li-ion batteries due to the viable use of zinc as the anode. However, to maximize the potential impact of ZIBs, rechargeable cathodes with improved Zn diffusion are needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
Interfacial instability, particularly uncontrollable zinc deposition and water induced side reactions, severely compromises the cycling stability and lifespan of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), thereby hindering their commercialization. Herein, an in situ grown bilayer gradient hydrophobic artificial interface (ZFPB) is designed to achieve dendrite-free zinc deposition. In detail, the ion-conductive but electronically insulating ZnF outer layer facilitates the rapid migration of Zn.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
August 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
Dendritic growth and parasitic reactions severely hinder aqueous Zn-ion batteries due to interfacial instability and uncontrolled charge transfer. Here, a machine learning-accelerated strategy for rational additive screening, establishing a predictive framework that links the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level to the adsorption and reduction behavior of Zn, is reported. An interpretable machine learning model (Adaptive Boosting), trained on a curated molecular dataset, achieves high accuracy (Mean Squared Error = 0.
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