98%
921
2 minutes
20
Although hypervalent iodine(III) reagents have become staples in organic chemistry, the exploration of their isoelectronic counterparts, namely hypervalent bromine(III) and chlorine(III) reagents, has been relatively limited, partly due to challenges in synthesizing and stabilizing these compounds. In this study, we conduct a thorough examination of both homolytic and heterolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) critical for assessing the chemical stability and functional group transfer capability of cyclic hypervalent halogen compounds using density functional theory (DFT) analysis. A moderate linear correlation was observed between the homolytic BDEs across different halogen centers, while a strong linear correlation was noted among the heterolytic BDEs across these centers. Furthermore, we developed a predictive model for both homolytic and heterolytic BDEs of cyclic hypervalent halogen compounds using machine learning algorithms. The results of this study could aid in estimating the chemical stability and functional group transfer capabilities of hypervalent bromine(III) and chlorine(III) reagents, thereby facilitating their development.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216094 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.127 | DOI Listing |
Acc Chem Res
August 2025
Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
ConspectusAlkynes are one of the most fundamental functional groups in organic synthesis due to the versatile chemistry of the triple bond, their unique rigid structure, and their use in bioconjugation. The introduction of alkynes onto organic molecules traditionally relies on nucleophilic activation, often requiring strong bases or metal catalysts. These conditions, however, restrict applications involving biomolecules such as peptides and proteins due to functional group incompatibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
August 2025
Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
Hypervalent halonium salts are versatile arylating agents. While the reactivity of iodonium salts is well-studied, the reactivity of bromonium and chloronium salts remains underexplored. Here, we investigate the interplay between σ-hole coordination and aryl transfer in cyclic chloronium and bromonium salts, demonstrating how external anions modulate their reactivity and the regioselectivity of their transformations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
July 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Science (Shenzhen), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
Hypervalent iodine(III) chemistry has unlocked remarkable potential in synthetic and catalytic applications over the past decades, yet its development has been constrained by biased thermodynamics between iodine(I) and iodine(III) species, relying on unstable or environmentally unfriendly oxidants and complex electrocatalytic platforms. Here, structurally constrained cyclic (diacyloxyiodo)arenes are presented as a transformative platform to resolve the reactivity/selectivity-generality paradox, enabling one-pot synthesis of diverse hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. The synthetic utility and sustainability of the in situ controlled-release approach are demonstrated through catalytic reactions, asymmetric variations, and biocompatibility studies, including peptide modifications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India.
Herein, we report a straightforward synthetic protocol to afford a series of novel Uracil-based bench-stable cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents, Uracil-benziodoxolone ( Uracil-BX). The 3c-4e weak bonds of these hitherto unreported hypervalent iodine reagents were also synthetically exploited for sulfenylation and amination at the C5 position of Uracil via an umpolung strategy. Metal-free approaches for this functionalization at the C5 position lead to various interesting Uracil derivatives that resemble medicinally important molecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Org Synth
January 2025
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
Background: An efficient method for synthesizing cyclic arylsulfonium salts has been developed by selective aryl transfer to the sulfur atom from aryl(mesityl)iodonium triflates, a recyclable series of diaryliodonium salts.
Methods: The utilization of sulfonium salts as valuable intermediates is well-established, as they exhibit high reactivity under conditions of heating or UV irradiation. However, their synthesis typically involves the reaction of diarysulfoxide with acid anhydride, which requires the oxidation of sulfur(II) to sulfoxide(IV) and thus limits the scope of synthesis.