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Article Abstract
Context.—: Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein is a mitochondrial transport protein with a critical regulatory role for steroid hormone production. The tissue distribution of StAR expression is limited to few human normal tissues.
Objective.—: To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of StAR immunohistochemistry analysis.
Design.—: A tissue microarray containing 19 202 samples from 152 different tumor types and subtypes and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
Result.—: StAR immunostaining occurred in 198 (1.2%) of the 17 135 analyzable tumors. StAR expression was observed in 27 of 152 tumor categories, 9 of which included at least 1 strongly positive case. The highest rate of StAR positivity occurred in Leydig cell tumors of the testis and the ovary (100%), steroid cell tumors of the ovary (100%), adrenocortical carcinomas (93%) and adenomas (87%), Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (67%) and granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (56%), as well as seminomas (7%). Nineteen other tumor entities showed-a usually weak-StAR positivity in less than 6% of cases. A comparison with preexisting Melan-A (a melanocyte antigen) data revealed that StAR was more often positive in adrenocortical neoplasms and in Leydig cell tumors while StAR (but not Melan-A) was negative in Sertoli cell tumors.
Conclusions.—: Our data provide a comprehensive overview on the patterns of StAR immunostaining in human tumors and suggest a diagnostic utility of StAR immunohistochemistry for supporting a diagnosis of Leydig cell tumors or of normal or neoplastic adrenocortical tissue.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2023-0281-OA | DOI Listing |
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