Case Report: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in an elite athlete with variant in FSH receptor gene-clinical and sports implications of proper diagnosis.

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is usually caused by the impairment of the structure and function of the gonads, but there are cases caused by reduced stimulation by the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a result of abnormal variants of genes encoding the follicle-stimulating hormone or its receptor (FSHR). We present the case of an elite athlete with the c.2039A>G variant in one allele of the FSHR gene resulting in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, low testicular volume, and reduced semen parameters, placing particular emphasis on the diagnostic process and the importance of correct diagnosis in the context of possible treatment with gonadotropins, which can significantly improve fertility, increase testosterone levels, and, in the case of athletes, obtain approval from the anti-doping organization for treatment that increases testosterone levels.

Migrasomes in Health and Disease: Insights into Mechanisms, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Migrasomes are newly discovered, migration-dependent organelles that mediate the release of cellular contents into the extracellular environment through a process known as migracytosis. Since their identification in 2014, growing evidence has highlighted their critical roles in intercellular communication, organ development, mitochondrial quality control, and disease pathogenesis. Migrasome biogenesis is a complex, multi-step process tightly regulated by lipid composition, tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, and molecular pathways involving sphingomyelin synthase 2, Rab35, and integrins.

Bacteriological Identification, Characterization and Changes of Feces Microbiome in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy.

Purpose: To investigate the bacteriological characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with prostate cancer and changes during and after radiation therapy.

Patients And Methods: Forty-one prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radiation therapy were included in the study. Fecal samples were collected at three points: before gold marker implantation into the prostate gland (K1), at the start (K2), and last day of radiotherapy (K3).

Drug-induced liver injury. Part II: Late complications and hepatotoxicity monitoring.

The picture of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is polymorphic, with variable intensity of clinical symptoms and prognosis. Most cases of DILI are acute, although the incidence of chronic hepatopathy has been reported to range from 3.4% to 39.

Development of breast-mimicking phantoms for use in optical coherence elastography.

Significance: Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging technique for mapping tissue mechanical properties into an image, known as an elastogram, with microscale resolution. Although system characterization phantoms are widely used in OCE development, there is a critical need for tissue-mimicking phantoms that can more accurately replicate the complex structural and mechanical properties of tissues, particularly for validating clinical applications, such as in breast cancer.

Aim: We aim to investigate the effects of tissue-like structures on elastogram formation in a controlled environment by developing and characterizing two types of breast tissue-mimicking phantoms, replicating invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) morphology and the other mimicking breast ductal networks.

Relationships between smoking, high BMI and the results of arthroscopic treatment of isolated medial meniscus tear - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Because BMI can be adjusted, a greater BMI may be associated with poorer outcomes and an increased risk of surgical complications. Additionally, smoking is another factor that negatively affects the musculoskeletal system, triggering inflammatory processes that hinder healing, complications and lead to poor postoperative outcomes in orthopedic surgery. Although the role of smoking on meniscal tissue has not be fully understood yet, it should be taken into consideration as an important factor affecting the results of meniscus surgery.

Identification of cystatin C as a new marker of glomerular filtration rate, and of shrunken pore syndrome - a new kidney disorder defining selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes - calls for expansion of the international KDIGO guidelines.

Cystatin C was identified as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 1979, and the parallel analysis of cystatin C and creatinine led to the identification of shrunken pore syndrome (SPS) - a new kidney disorder - in 2015. Since then, it has been shown that cystatin C in many aspects is superior to creatinine as a marker of GFR and cardiovascular risk. SPS, an entity within the selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes (SGHS), has been demonstrated to be associated with a strong increase in morbidity and mortality in several populations.

Analytical Biomarkers for Inflammation Status Monitoring of Psychotropic and Antiepileptic Drugs.

In recent years, an increasing amount of research has investigated the impact of chronic inflammation on the development and progression of both neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Moreover, growing attention is being paid to how inflammatory processes contribute to disease mechanisms, influence symptom severity, and interact with pharmacological treatments in these conditions. Changes in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as cytokines and C-reactive protein, may signal the early stages of neurological disorder development.

Sex Differences in Vitamin Metabolism and Their Role in Oxidative Stress Regulation and Cardiometabolic Health.

Vitamins A, D, E, K, B2, B12, and C play a key role in regulating metabolism and oxidative stress, significantly impacting cardiometabolic health. This review uniquely integrates mechanistic and epidemiological data to examine sex-specific differences in the bioavailability, metabolism, and physiological effects of these vitamins. By linking hormonal and genetic factors with oxidative stress modulation, lipid metabolism, and endothelial function, we outline how individualized vitamin intake strategies may help prevent cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

From Molecular Interactions to Solubility in Deep Eutectic Solvents: Exploring Flufenamic Acid in Choline-Chloride- and Menthol-Based Systems.

This study explores how intermolecular interactions govern the composition of saturated solutions of influence flufenamic acid (FlA) in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Using choline chloride (ChCl) or menthol (Men) as the HBAs and various polyols as the HBDs, FlA solubility was measured in different DES systems. The experimental values along with intermolecular interactions quantified via COSMOtherm-derived Gibbs free energies were used in the determination of component distributions for varying DES formulations.

The Influence of Uric Acid Concentration on the Daily Functioning of Patients at an Advanced Age, Based on the Results of Selected Point Scales Routinely Used for the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Poland.

: The concentration of uric acid in the body of older adults may have various effects. Due to the multidirectional influence on metabolism, its significance in the daily functioning of older persons remains unclear. The present investigation explored whether serum uric acid levels are associated with scores on standard geriatric assessment scales in hospitalized older adults.

Delayed Two-Stage Bentall Procedure: A Safe Technique of Redo Supra-Prosthetic Aortic Root Replacement: A Case Series.

Patients presented for complicated redo surgery after previous aortic valve replacement with the indication for aortic root repair due to dilatation or aneurysm. In those cases where the prosthetic aortic valve is in good condition, a valve-sparing procedure might simplify the complicated surgery. The aim of this case series paper is to describe a technique and to show the results of repairing the aortic root without compromising the previously inserted, well-functioning mechanical aortic valve.

Assessment of the Significance of LP-PLA2, DPYSL2, and 8-OHdG in the Oncological Diagnosis of Patients with Brain Tumors and Vitamin D Deficiency.

Brain tumors are a significant medical problem. This study aimed to assess the potential significance of DPYSL2, 8-OHdG, and LP-PLA2 in the oncological diagnosis of patients with brain tumors who have a vitamin D deficiency. To this end, we measured the concentrations of LP-PLA2, DPYSL2, and 8-OHdG in 62 patients with different types of brain tumors who exhibited vitamin D deficiency.

The Expanding Role of Omalizumab: From Food Allergy to Drug Desensitization.

Although omalizumab is currently approved for a limited number of indications-such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and chronic spontaneous urticaria-its potential applications are expanding each year. Owing to its diverse and not yet fully elucidated mechanism of action, including effects on both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions with delayed onset, this monoclonal antibody may be beneficial in a wide range of allergic and non-allergic conditions. To date, numerous clinical trials and case reports have documented the successful off-label use of omalizumab.

TRP Channels in Skin Cancer: Focus on Malignant Melanoma.

Cutaneous malignant melanoma remains one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, characterized by high metastatic potential and resistance to standard therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, non-selective cation channels involved in calcium homeostasis, and cellular stress responses play a pivotal role in melanoma development and progression. This review highlights the physiological expression of key TRP subfamilies (TRPM1, TRPM7, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPM2) in melanocytes and discusses their dysregulation in melanoma cells.

Whole Genome Sequencing of Strains Isolated from Patients with Cancer.

is a Gram-negative, capsulated, nonmotile, facultative anaerobic rod. It is one of the species belonging to the . The objective of this study was to gain insights into the antimicrobial resistance and virulence of strains isolated from clinical samples from oncologic patients.

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase-Positive Neurons in the Brain Cortex of Rats After Administration of Rebaudioside A.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Rebaudioside A (RebA) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immunoreactivity in cortical neurons of the rat brain. RebA is a steviol glycoside commonly used in the production of sweeteners. Beyond its application as a food additive for diabetes management, steviol glycosides have been shown to influence memory and learning processes.

Selected Protective Mechanisms of Human Milk Against Intestinal Protozoal Infections in Infants.

Human milk, especially colostrum, is a biologically complex fluid with potent protective properties against gastrointestinal disturbances in infants. Among intestinal protozoa transmitted via the fecal-oral route, this review focuses on and , as the protective role of milk-derived factors against these parasites is the most extensively documented. Its protective effects result from a wide range of bioactive components, including mucins, lactoferrin, human milk oligosaccharides, melatonin, and secretory IgA, which support the integrity of the intestinal barrier, regulate immune responses, and inhibit the adhesion and activity of pathogens.

Circadian Rhythm Disruptions and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Special Role of Melatonin.

Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological cycles that regulate essential cardiovascular functions, including blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, and metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of these rhythms due to factors such as shift work, artificial light at night, irregular sleep-wake cycles, or mistimed eating has been increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A growing body of evidence links circadian misalignment to key pathophysiological mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autonomic imbalance.

Hypersensitivity to Folic Acid and/or Folinic Acid-A Review of Clinical Cases, Potential Mechanism, Possible Cross-Allergies and Current Diagnostic Options.

Folic acid and its derivatives (e.g., folinic acid) are a group of water-soluble compounds collectively known as vitamin B9.

Neural pathways to bariatric success: What explainable AI reveals that conventional fMRI methods may miss.

Aims: Metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS) remains a cornerstone of obesity treatment, yet 15%-30% of patients fail to achieve its intended benefits. Existing clinical and biochemical markers offer limited value in identifying who will respond favourably to this intervention. We hypothesize that the long-term success of MBS is influenced by individual differences in preoperative brain function.