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Thyroid cancer is the fastest increasing cancer in both men and women and is the most common endocrine cancer. Researchers have gradually intensified their research on the mechanism of thyroid cancer development. Within this realm, Oxidative stress is often believed to play a causal and contributory role in thyroid cancer development. NADPH oxidase is one of the important sources of reactive oxygen species for tumor cell growth and is involved in the biological processes of thyroid tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, the mechanism of NADPH oxidase in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer is still not very clear at present. Clarifying the role and mechanism of NADPH oxidase in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer will help to develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer as early as possible, and improve the survival rates of thyroid tumor patients. This article reviews the research progress on the mechanism of NADPH oxidase in thyroid cancer.
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Oncologist
September 2025
Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
Background: THP (trastuzumab + paclitaxel + pertuzumab) and THPy (trastuzumab + paclitaxel + pyrotinib) are widely used as first-line regimens for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in China. However, direct comparative data on their efficacy and safety remain scarce. This study evaluates and compares the clinical outcomes of THPy and THP in the first-line treatment of HER2-positive MBC to guide clinical decision-making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirchows Arch
September 2025
Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, #685 Huancheng North Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
The spindle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is exceptionally rare and poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its morphological overlap with other spindle cell lesions of the thyroid. We report a novel case of spindle cell variant PTC in a 66-year-old woman presenting with a TI-RADS 4 thyroid nodule, initially classified as Bethesda III on fine-needle aspiration. Histopathological examination revealed a biphasic tumor composed predominantly of bland spindle cells arranged in solid sheets and fascicles, admixed with entrapped thyroid follicles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Investig Med
September 2025
Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México.
It has been reported that DNA methylation in the epigenetic profile of the genes LEP and ADIPOQ is associated with obesity. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports assessing the methylation of the LEP, LEPR, and ADIPOQ genes in subjects with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between methylation of the LEP, LEPR, and ADIPOQ genes with the MHO phenotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicine (Baltimore)
September 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Rationale: Brown tumor (osteitis fibrosa cystica) is a benign bone lesion associated with hyperparathyroidism that can affect multiple bones in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Patient Concerns: We present the case of a 32-year-old female with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis who experienced body aches, muscle weakness, constipation, and mood swings for 3 months.
Diagnoses: Initial tests revealed elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, and phosphorus levels.
Thyroid Res
September 2025
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, Naples, 5 - 80131, +39817462038, Italy.
Objectives: Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a key biomarker in the post-surgical monitoring of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, inter-assay variability among different immunoassay platforms can impact clinical interpretation, particularly at low Tg concentrations. This study aimed to compare the analytical performance and concordance of three widely used Tg immunoassays, Access (Beckman Coulter, Tg-B), Atellica (Siemens, Tg-A), and Liaison (Diasorin, Tg-L), with a focus on their agreement across clinically relevant Tg ranges.
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