Article Synopsis
- Non-invasive vaccines are gaining interest due to drawbacks of traditional vaccines like cold storage needs, needle injuries, and limited immune response.
- Numerous methods have been developed for non-invasive vaccine delivery, but they each face unique challenges related to effectiveness and safety.
- The review aims to update researchers on current vaccine formulation techniques, highlight commercialization challenges, and spur future research in this area.
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Article Abstract
Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, each of them faces its own challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. To overcome such limitations, researchers have created novel supplementary materials and delivery systems. The goal of this review article is to provide vaccine formulation researchers with the most up-to-date information on vaccine formulation and the immunological mechanisms available, to identify the technical challenges associated with the commercialization of non-invasive vaccines, and to guide future research and development efforts.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10458847 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082114 | DOI Listing |
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