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Yolk-shell nanoparticles (YSNs) have attracted a broad interest in the field of catalysis due to their unique structure and properties. The hollow structure of YSNs brings high porosity and specific surface areas which is conducive to the catalytic reactions. The flexible tailorability and functionality of both the cores and shells allow a rational design of the catalyst and may have synergistic effect which will improve the catalytic performance. Herein, an overview of the research progress with respect to the synthesis and catalytic applications of YSNs is provided. The major strategies for the synthesis of YSNs are presented, including hard template method, soft template method, ship-in-a-bottle method, galvanic replacement method, Kirkendall diffusion method as well as the Ostwald ripening method. Moreover, we discuss in detail the recent progress of YSNs in catalytic applications including chemical catalysis, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. Finally, the future research and development of YSNs are prospected.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07541e | DOI Listing |
Chem Commun (Camb)
September 2025
University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Rebublic of Serbia.
Carbon aerogels and xerogels, with their 3D porous architectures, ultralow density, high surface area, and excellent conductivity, have emerged as multifunctional materials for energy and environmental applications. This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of these materials polymerisation, drying, and carbonisation, as well as the role of novel precursors such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and biomass. Emphasis is also placed on doped and metal-decorated carbon gels as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions, enabling four- and two-electron pathways for energy conversion and the production of green HO, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
September 2025
Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been extensively studied as efficient photocatalysts for water splitting. However, the utilization efficiency of photogenerated carriers remains a major limitation for their practical applications. An effective approach to address this issue is the construction of Z-scheme heterostructures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChembiochem
September 2025
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str. 5/2, 220084, Minsk, Belarus.
The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is a unique polymerase that incorporates nucleotides at the 3'-terminus of single-stranded DNA primers in a template-independent manner. This biological function propels the development of numerous biomedical and bioengineering applications. However, the extensive use of TdT is constrained by its low expression levels in E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChembiochem
September 2025
Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
Natural products exhibit a wide range of biological activities and are the crucial resources for drug development and compound modification. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s, CYP) are a class of multifunctional and stereoselective biocatalysts that utilize heme as a cofactor and can be employed in the biosynthesis of natural products. With the development of biotechnology, P450s have been widely applied in the synthesis of natural products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChembiochem
September 2025
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
This study investigates the synthesis of aromatic nitriles using an evolved variant of OxdF1 (L318F/F306Y), an aldoxime dehydratase from Pseudomonas putida F1, engineered for improved catalytic efficiency toward benzaldehyde oxime. The double OxdF1 (L318F/F306Y) mutant effectively catalyzes the conversion of various benzaldoxime derivatives to the corresponding nitriles. Due to the enzyme's inherent instability, immobilized whole-cell systems are employed in a flow reactor to improve its stability and broaden its applicability, with the biotransformation of benzaldehyde oxime and 2,6-difluorobenzaldehyde oxime serving as case studies.
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