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Sedation can resolve anxiety and fear in patients undergoing endoscopy. The use of sedatives has increased in Korea. Appropriate sedation is a state in which the patient feels subjectively comfortable while maintaining the airway reflex for stable spontaneous breathing. The patient should maintain a state of consciousness to the extent that he or she can cooperate with the needs of the medical staff. Despite its benefits, endoscopic sedation has been associated with cardiopulmonary complications. Such cardiopulmonary complications are usually temporary, and most patients recover without sequelae. However, these events may progress to serious complications, such as cardiovascular collapse. Therefore, it is essential to screen high-risk patients before sedation and reduce complications by meticulous monitoring. Additionally, physicians should be familiar with the management of emergencies. The first Korean clinical practice guideline for endoscopic sedation was developed based on previous worldwide guidelines for endoscopic sedation using an adaptation process. The guideline consists of nine recommendations based on a critical review of currently available data and expert consensus when the guideline was drafted. These guidelines should provide clinicians, nurses, medical school students, and policy makers with information on how to perform endoscopic sedation with minimal risk.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5009/gnl210530 | DOI Listing |
United European Gastroenterol J
September 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Background: Remimazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine with less cardiorespiratory depression compared with propofol. The Oxygen Reserve Index (ORi) reflects oxygenation status in the mild hyperoxic range and can detect subtle respiratory depression induced by sedatives.
Objective: We compared remimazolam and propofol in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and assessed the ORi to evaluate the impact of these sedatives on oxygen reserve.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
September 2025
Medical Research Group of Egypt, Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is essential for diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal disorders in children aged 6-12 years, yet it often requires sedation due to the significant discomfort and pain involved. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid (inception to March 30, 2024). Inclusion criteria are as follows: RCTs comparing sedative regimens (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Bronchology Interv Pulmonol
October 2025
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
Background: Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) is generally recommended under intubation or rigid bronchoscopy with general anesthesia. However, some patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) are unable to tolerate general anesthesia, which limits the widespread adoption of TBCB.
Methods: A total of 37 patients with DPLD who underwent TBCB under conscious sedation without intubation were included in this study.
J Biomed Phys Eng
August 2025
Department of Biomedical Systems & Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is the gold standard for painless and sedation-free visualization of the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, reviewing WCE video files, which often exceed 60,000 frames, can be labor-intensive and may result in overlooking critical frames. A proficient diagnostic system should offer gastroenterologists high sensitivity and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndoscopy
September 2025
Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
Objectives: We aimed to perform a multifactorial carbon footprint assessment and sensitivity analysis of the colonoscopy procedure.
Design: One-week single-center prospective study with all outpatients' diagnostic colonoscopies was realized (n=66). A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology evaluated all essential supplies (accessories from 1 to 15), endoscopic procedure (energy consumption, CO2 insufflation, bowel preparation, and sedation), staff and patients transport and waste management.