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Azithromycin is an antibiotic commonly used for treating respiratory, gastrointestinal infections besides enteric fever, otitis media etc. It's convenient short duration oral dosing regimens and good tolerability make it a popular drug in routine outpatient settings in primary to tertiary care. Pre-clinical studies have shown immunomodulatory and in vitro activity of azithromycin against SARS CoV-2, which has led to its widespread usage in COVID-19. However, subsequent reviews of observational studies assessing its efficacy in different grades of COVID-19, as well as data from well conducted randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in mild - moderate COVID-19 have shown no or very low quality evidence of benefit of the drug on various clinical outcome parameters. Still, the drug continues to be used indiscriminately in many parts of India for treatment of home isolated patients of mild COVID-19. Such injudicious use in the community should be stopped, otherwise there will be serious adverse consequences of development of resistance to this very useful antibiotic during this pandemic.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_812_21 | DOI Listing |
Immunol Lett
September 2025
Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki,
Background: COVID-19 is still a significant health concern worldwide. B cell responses to COVID-19 have been extensively studied in acute severe disease, but less so during extended follow-up or mild disease. Persisting immunological changes together with herpesvirus reactivations during acute COVID-19 have been suggested as contributing factors for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPublic Health
September 2025
Department of Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Objectives: Contribute to data on the long-term real-world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine efficacy (VE) in adolescents.
Study Design: This observational study from July 2021 to June 2022 was designed to emulate a target trial.
Methods: Fully vaccinated adolescents 12-15 years of age were matched to unvaccinated adolescents.
J Affect Disord
September 2025
The Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan; The Department of Psychiatry, Self-Defense Forces Hanshin Hospital, Kawanishi, Japan. Electronic address:
Background: Recent time-dependent analyses of stress-related disorders have identified heterogeneity of trajectories and their modifying factors. While psychiatric patients are vulnerable to stress events, it is unclear how psychiatric conditions in the general population modulate subsequent event-related distress trajectories.
Methods: Using a longitudinal online survey from before the COVID-19 pandemic to post-pandemic follow-ups (n = 3815 Japanese adults) and a latent growth mixture model, we identified four trajectories of pandemic-related stress symptoms: resilient, chronic, mild chronic, and early response.
Background: Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a scarring alopecia primarily affecting Black women. To date, there are no standardized treatment regimens or approved medications for the treatment of CCCA. This single-center, open-label, clinical study investigated the efficacy of apremilast in the treatment of mild to moderate vertex-predominant CCCA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Dis (Lond)
September 2025
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Background: The combination of antivirals and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the first phase of COVID-19 has demonstrated to reduce time to viral clearance, but the superiority of combination compared to antiviral monotherapy is still debated.
Research Design And Methods: In an observational, prospective study, we enrolled immunocompromised outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with one antiviral monotherapy within 7 days from symptoms onset, with or without sotrovimab from January 1, 2024 to October 31, 2024, and we compared them to an identical cohort of patients treated with a combination of one antiviral and sotrovimab, from May 1, 2023 to December 30, 2023. 1st of May 2023 and 31st of October 2024.