Seladelpar: a comprehensive review of its clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease leading to liver damage and potentially death. The first-line treatment is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), but some patients do not respond well. Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a second-line treatment option.

Efficacy and safety of retatrutide for the treatment of obesity: a systematic review of clinical trials.

Introduction: Obesity is a major public health issue linked to various health complications. Retatrutide, a triple agonist peptide targeting the glucagon receptor, GIP receptor, and GLP-1 receptor, shows promise in addressing this need.

Content: This systematic review assessed the safety and efficacy of retatrutide for obesity treatment using available clinical trial data.

A critical comparison of pharmacovigilance reporting forms in six countries with the WHO-UMC recommendations (form of the form).

Objectives: This study will identify strengths and weaknesses of ADR reporting forms of study countries.

Methods: This was an observational study conducted at the Department of Pharmacology at Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal. We obtained the WHO-UMC adverse event reporting guidance document for designing the ADR form for member countries.

A Comprehensive Overview of US-FDA-Approved Anticancer Drugs and Biologics in 2023: An Observational Study.

Background: The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) is responsible for ensuring public health by conducting a comprehensive assessment and approval of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and food products. The federal agency conducts a thorough evaluation of drug safety and efficacy before granting market approval.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study aimed to analyze all new drug approvals that took place during the 2023 study period using an observational, record-based approach.

GAPDH heme delivery to Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 involves their complex formation and complementary charge pairing at the protein-protein interface.

In eukaryotes, the last steps of heme biosynthesis occur in mitochondria and so heme must be transported to reach many heme-dependent proteins that mature and function outside this organelle. Although the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has emerged as a key intracellular heme chaperone, how it performs heme deliveries to its numerous clients is poorly understood. It is unknown if handoffs of the GAPDH-bound heme require that it make direct contact with its clients or instead involve GAPDH passing its heme to middlemen proteins to execute the final heme transfers.

Agreement and correlation between WHO-UMC Causality scale and the Naranjo algorithm for causality assessment of adverse drug reactions at tertiary care center in Northern India.

Background: To develop a structured and harmonized causality assessment method has been a holy grail in pharmacovigilance. The Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) recommends the use of the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) scale, whereas many clinicians prefer the Naranjo algorithm for its simplicity. There is no universally accepted method for the causality grading of ADRs.

Safety Profile of Mass Administration of Albendazole Among School Children (6-19 Years): A Prospective Active Surveillance Study.

Background: Infections with Soil-transmitted Helminths (STHs) impact about 24% of the global population. A disproportionate number of individuals, particularly those from low socioeconomic backgrounds, live in emerging nations. In India, between the ages of one and fourteen, almost 220 million children are susceptible to intestinal worm infestations caused by parasites.

Deucravacitinib: moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis preventable?

Psoriasis is a persistent, inflammatory, and autoimmune condition that is difficult to treat. Estimates of the prevalence of psoriasis in people range from 0.27 % (95 % confidence interval 0.

Safety monitoring of precautionary third dose of COVID-19 vaccines in a district in Northern India.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. On 16 January 2021, India began its vaccination programme using two COVID-19 vaccines (Covishield and Covaxin). Precautionary dose (booster shots) was administered to health and front-line workers in the beginning and then to all eligible populations.

A review of an investigational drug retatrutide, a novel triple agonist agent for the treatment of obesity.

Background: Obesity is one of the critical public health problems in our society. It leads to various health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. With the rising incidence of obesity, there is a growing demand for new therapies which can effectively manage body weight and improve health.

Teplizumab: type 1 diabetes mellitus preventable?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition driven by T lymphocytes that specifically declines the function of beta cells of pancreas. Immunological treatments aim to stop this decline in β-cell function thus preventing TIDM. Although TIDM occur at any age, it is one of the most common chronic disorders in children.

Bispecific antibodies and its applications: a novel approach for targeting SARS-Cov-2.

The COVID-19 pandemic remains a severe global threat, with the world engulfed in the struggle against the disease's second or third waves, which are approaching frightening proportions in terms of cases and mortality in many nations. Despite the critical need for effective therapy, there is still uncertainty about the optimal practices for treating COVID-19 with various pharmaceutical approaches. This being third year, global immunity and eradication of SARS-CoV-2 is currently seems to be out of reach.

Clinical implications of anti-idiotype antibodies in COVID-19.

Idiotype-based therapeutics have failed to deliver their promise, necessitating rethinking of the concept and its potential to develop a viable immunotherapy method. The idiotype based hypothesis is discussed in this paper in order to produce effective anti-idiotype vaccinations. Polyclonal anti-idiotype reagents have been shown to be more successful in animal models, and a better understanding of the immune response in humans supports the idea that polyclonal anti-idiotype vaccines will be more effective than monoclonal-based anti-idiotype vaccines.

Antimicrobials in COVID-19: strategies for treating a COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a serious global challenge, with the world engulfed in fighting second, third and fourth waves of the disease, which is reaching scary proportions in terms of cases and mortality in countries like India. Despite the urgent need of proven management protocols, there is still confusion about the best practices for treating COVID-19 with different pharmaceutical interventions. Antimicrobials are empirically used in COVID-19 patients.

An overview of post COVID sequelae.

After healing from COVID-19, patients often experience a slew of symptoms known as post COVID-19 sequelae. Despite the fact that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing, post-Covid-19 syndrome is already a difficult problem to address: long-term multiorgan sequelae, while frequently described, have yet to be systematized. As a result, post-Covid-19 syndrome can have a major influence on surviving patients' working capacity as well as their personal lives.

Continued use of azithromycin for mild COVID-19 in India: Evidence and implications?

Azithromycin is an antibiotic commonly used for treating respiratory, gastrointestinal infections besides enteric fever, otitis media etc. It's convenient short duration oral dosing regimens and good tolerability make it a popular drug in routine outpatient settings in primary to tertiary care. Pre-clinical studies have shown immunomodulatory and in vitro activity of azithromycin against SARS CoV-2, which has led to its widespread usage in COVID-19.

Antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection and disease: implications in COVID-19.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) can be seen in a variety of viruses. It has a deleterious impact on antibody treatment of viral infection. This effect was first discovered in the dengue virus, and it has since been discovered in the coronavirus.