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Lactoferrin (Lf) is a versatile natural milk-derived protein that exhibits multiple interesting biological activities. Since it is safe for human administration and currently manufactured using low cost and well-established large-scale processes, the Lf scientific community has been devoted at dissecting its mechanisms of action towards its more rational and efficient use for various applications. Emerging literature has identified proton pumping ATPases as molecular targets of Lf in different cellular models linked to distinct activities of this natural protein. Information on this subject has not been systematically analysed before, hence herein we review the current state of art on the effect of Lf on proton pumping ATPases. Though structurally different, we propose that Lf holds a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-like activity based on the functional resemblance with the classical inhibitors of the stomach H/K-ATPase. The downstream events and outcomes of the PPI-like activity of Lf, as well as its impact for the development of improved Lf applications are also discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.075 | DOI Listing |
Bioorg Chem
September 2025
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shandong Key Laboratory of Druggability Optimization and Evaluation for Lead Compounds, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China. Electronic address:
A series of novel 3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole derivatives were rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity as AcrB inhibitors. The compounds were assessed for their antibiotic potentiating effects, followed by evaluation of Nile Red efflux inhibition, and off-target effects including activity on the outer and inner bacterial membranes. Ten compounds potentiated antibiotic activity at sub-inhibitory concentrations, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of at least one of the tested antibiotics by at least 8-fold, with three derivatives (7c, 11g, and 11i) achieving 32-fold MIC reductions at 128 μg/mL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol
September 2025
National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
Lemon (Citrus limon L.), an economically important Citrus species, produces high levels of citric acid. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying citric acid accumulation in lemon fruit are poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
Cyanobacteria achieve highly efficient photosynthesis using a CO-concentrating mechanism relying on specialized Type I (NDH-1) complexes. Among these, NDH-1 and NDH-1 catalyze redox-coupled hydration of CO to bicarbonate, supporting carbon fixation in carboxysomes. The mechanism of coupling electron transfer to CO-hydration by these variant NDH-1 complexes remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Rep
September 2025
Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Background: The earthworm fauna of India remains inadequately documented, despite its pivotal ecological importance, and there is a pressing need to address this gap. Recognizing this lack of comprehensive documentation, the present study was undertaken to explore and characterize the diversity in previously under-surveyed regions. During systematic surveys in Madhya Pradesh (Central India) and Manipur (North-Eastern India), four novel species of the genus Drawida Michaelsen, 1900 were discovered: D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmSystems
September 2025
Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Medication usage is a known contributor to the inter-individual variability of the gut microbiome. However, medications are often used repeatedly and for long periods, a notion yet unaccounted for in microbiome studies. Recently, we and others showed that not only the usage of antibiotics and antidepressants at sampling, but also past consumption, is associated with the gut microbiome.
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