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Upon recognition of microbes, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activate pattern-triggered immunity. FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2) and BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1) form a typical PRR complex that senses bacteria. Here, we report that the kinase activity of the malectin-like receptor-like kinase STRESS INDUCED FACTOR 2 (SIF2) is critical for Arabidopsis () resistance to bacteria by regulating stomatal immunity. SIF2 physically associates with the FLS2-BAK1 PRR complex and interacts with and phosphorylates the guard cell SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1), which is necessary for abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure. SIF2 is also required for the activation of ABA-induced S-type anion currents in Arabidopsis protoplasts, and SIF2 is sufficient to activate SLAC1 anion channels in oocytes. SIF2-mediated activation of SLAC1 depends on specific phosphorylation of Ser 65. This work reveals that SIF2 functions between the FLS2-BAK1 initial immunity receptor complex and the final actuator SLAC1 in stomatal immunity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.19.00578 | DOI Listing |
Mol Plant Microbe Interact
September 2025
Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei , China;
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), belonging to pathogenesis-related protein 14 family, participate in plant immune response to biotic stress. LTP1 from was previously shown to be able to suppress infection by cowpea mosaic virus and soybean mosaic virus. However, whether cowpea LTP1 participates in the plant resistance to other plant pathogens remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
August 2025
Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
Background: Rice serves as staple food for four billion people but encounters yield reductions because of natural as well as biological stress factors. An analysis on 65 rice mutants alongside RICF-160 parent and Kainat commercial rice variety was conducted to measure disease resistance against brown spot using both normal and water-stress conditions as study parameters.
Results: Selection of the thirteen mutant lines [NMSF]-1, [NMSF]-8, [NMSF]-18, [NMSF]-2, [NMSF]-7, [NMSF]-13, [NMSF]-62, [NMSF]-3, [NMSF]-4, [NMSF]-10, [NMSF]-16, [NMSF]-56 and [NMSF]-65 as drought tolerant lines demonstrated less reduction in photosynthetic rate under stress along with higher shoot lengths, increased chlorophyll levels and relative water content while showing decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rates.
Int J Mol Sci
July 2025
Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
Nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species are key signalling molecules with pleiotropic effects in plants. They are crucial elements of the redox regulation of plant stress responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Nitric oxide is known to enhance photosynthetic efficiency under abiotic stress, and reactive nitrogen species-mediated alterations in photosynthetic metabolism have been shown to confer resistance to abiotic stresses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Plant
July 2025
National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Vitamin B6 (VB6), a metabolic cofactor, is essential for plants, animals, and microorganisms. VB6 has emerged as an important regulator of plant immunity, modulating various immune responses, including basal immunity, stomatal defence, and induced systemic resistance. However, the role of VB6 in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and the active VB6 vitamers involved in modulating plant immunity remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Commun
July 2025
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. Electronic address:
Abiotic and biotic stresses constitute substantial challenges to global agricultural productivity. Plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to mitigate these stresses, including signaling networks that govern physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Among these, protein phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in stress adaptation; protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) proteins serve as key regulators across multiple signaling pathways.
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