Overexpression of H-pyrophosphatase () gene improves salinity and drought tolerance in tobacco.

Physiologically, salinity causes osmotic stress due to high solute concentration in soil and disturbs the metabolic and photosynthetic activity of the cells by increasing the toxicity of Na in the cytoplasm. Plant adaptation to salt stress is characterized by cellular ion homeostasis and vacuolar sequestration of toxic ions from cytosol mediated by H-pyrophosphatase (). The gene was cloned under the control of the promoter for yeast transformation and the promoter for tobacco transformation.

Critical period of weed-crop competition in irrigated chickpea as a tool for judicious weed control.

Studies to appraise critical period of weed competition (CPWC) in Desi and Kabuli chickpea were undertaken during 2017-18 and 2018-19 winter growing seasons. Desi (Punjab-2008) and Kabuli (Noor-2009) chickpea crops were subjected to different durations of weed competition [competition for 20 days after sowing (DAS), 40, 60 and 80 DAS] as well as weed-free periods [weed-free till 20, 40, 60 and 80 DAS]. Season-long weed check and weed-free plots were also maintained for both chickpea genotypes.

Development of rice mutants with enhanced resilience to drought and brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) and their physiological and multivariate analysis.

Background: Rice serves as staple food for four billion people but encounters yield reductions because of natural as well as biological stress factors. An analysis on 65 rice mutants alongside RICF-160 parent and Kainat commercial rice variety was conducted to measure disease resistance against brown spot using both normal and water-stress conditions as study parameters.

Results: Selection of the thirteen mutant lines [NMSF]-1, [NMSF]-8, [NMSF]-18, [NMSF]-2, [NMSF]-7, [NMSF]-13, [NMSF]-62, [NMSF]-3, [NMSF]-4, [NMSF]-10, [NMSF]-16, [NMSF]-56 and [NMSF]-65 as drought tolerant lines demonstrated less reduction in photosynthetic rate under stress along with higher shoot lengths, increased chlorophyll levels and relative water content while showing decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rates.

Trihelix transcription factors are involved in drought stress response of Mangifera indica.

Background: Trihelix transcription factors (THs) are plant-specific regulators known to play important roles in development and abiotic stress responses. Although extensively studied in several crops, the Trihelix gene family has not yet been characterized in Mangifera indica (mango), a tropical fruit tree highly sensitive to drought stress.

Results: In this study, a total of 49 Trihelix genes (MiTHs) were identified in the Mangifera indica genome.

Heat-induced modulation of growth parameters and gene expression profiles in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings.

Background: Heat stress is a major constraint on global agriculture, significantly reducing crop productivity. Maize (Zea mays L.), an important cereal crop for food, feed, and bioenergy is highly sensitive to high temperatures stress, particularly during early growth stages which impair shoot and root development and ultimately reduced farm yield.

Omics-Based Characterization of BTB Gene Family in T. aestivum, Reveals the Potential of TaBTB11/56/57/58 in Combined Heat and Drought Stress Regulation.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally important staple crop that faces increasing challenges from climate change, particularly the combined effects of heat and drought stress. The BTB (Broad Complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-à-Brac) gene family is involved in diverse biological processes, including stress responses, but its characterization in T. aestivum remains limited.

Evaluating the impacts of environmental stresses on agriculture in the context of climate resilience.

Climate change presents escalating threats to agricultural productivity and global food security, primarily through increased frequency and intensity of environmental stresses. Without adaptation measures, crop yields are projected to decline by 7% to 23% under the most extreme climate change scenarios. Despite growing awareness, a critical knowledge gap persists in understanding the combined impact of abiotic and biotic stresses on crop resilience.

Transcriptome dynamics along with expression analysis of key genes involved in fiber development between Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium darwinii.

The transcriptome profiling for underpinning the role of key genes controlling formation of fiber in cultivated Gossypium barbadense compared to wild allotetraploid cotton Gossypium darwinii which remained less investigated. Owing to excellent fiber quality of both Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium darwinii and information obtained via Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, two lines: Xh-18 and darwinii 5-7 were selected for transcriptome sequencing during developmental stages i.e.

Reproductive Meristem (REM) family genes GhREM1 and GhREM5.4 act as potential regulators of temperature stress response in cotton.

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is considered a major cash crop in agriculture, food, and textile industries all over the world. The foremost focus of scientists and farmers is to meet global food security needs, but unfortunately, evolving weather conditions have significantly reduced the overall production.

Assessing the impact of copper toxicity on soil ecosystems and barley growth: identification of robust indicators.

Over the past decade, the escalating prevalence of copper (Cu) pollution in soil has raised significant concerns due to its potential detrimental impacts on soil quality, microbial communities, plant health, food security, and land degradation. Despite extensive research, the response mechanisms, threshold levels, and reliable indicators of Cu pollution remain debated. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to gain a better understanding of these dynamics.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of stress-responsive genes in Chlorella vulgaris.

Background: Chlorella vulgaris is a significant green alga that has a role in the bioremediation of environmental pollutants, especially heavy metals. Therefore, to meet the emerging needs of sustainable bioremediation, it is the need of the hour to improve the bioremediation potential of Chlorella vulgaris. Stress-related genes play significant roles in homeostasis and stress management in algal species, including C.

Molecular characterization of REM genes in Cajanus cajan suggests the role of CcREM1 and CcREM6 like genes in heat stress response.

The increasing temperature is a major threat to plant growth and development. It severely alters various biochemical and physiological processes and ultimately affects the overall crop yield. The membrane-based remorin protein-encoding genes (REM) were previously reported as significantly involved in the regulation of various biotic and abiotic stressors.

Physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of low nitrogen stress tolerance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Nitrogen (N) is a major plant nutrient and its deficiency can arrest plant growth. However, how low-N stress impair plant growth and its related tolerance mechanisms in peanut seedlings has not yet been explored. To counteract this issue, a hydroponic study was conducted to explore low N stress (0.

A novel transcription factor OsMYB73 affects grain size and chalkiness by regulating endosperm storage substances' accumulation-mediated auxin biosynthesis signalling pathway in rice.

Enhanced grain yield and quality traits are everlasting breeding goals. It is therefore of great significance to uncover more genetic resources associated with these two important agronomic traits. Plant MYB family transcription factors play important regulatory roles in diverse biological processes.

Modern Plant Breeding for Achieving Global Food Security.

Modern plant breeding technologies have played a central role in addressing global food security challenges. These technologies, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multi-omics analysis, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), genome editing and transgenics, machine learning, and speed breeding, have been improving crop yield and quality as well as crop adaptability under climate change conditions, such as tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, identification, searching, assessment, and combining desirable integrated (morphological, physiological, and biochemical) attributes have been achieved with greater accuracy, efficiency, time, and cost-effectiveness, all of which are essential to meeting global food demands.

Exploring plant-microbe interactions in adapting to abiotic stress under climate change: a review.

Climatic change and extreme weather events have become a major threat to global agricultural productivity. Plants coexist with microorganisms, which play a significant role in influencing their growth and functional traits. The rhizosphere serves as an ecological niche encompassing plant roots and is a chemically complex environment that supports the growth and development of diverse plant-interactive microbes.

Genome-wide profiling of bZIP transcription factors in Camelina sativa: implications for development and stress response.

Background: The bZIP transcription factor family, characterized by a bZIP domain, plays vital roles in plant stress responses and development. While this family has been extensively studied in various plant species, its specific functions in Camelina sativa (False Flax) remain underexplored.

Methods And Results: This study identified 71 bZIP transcription factors in C.

Characterizing the impact of CPSF30 gene disruption on TuMV infection in .

CPSF30, a key polyadenylation factor, also serves as an mA reader, playing a crucial role in determining RNA fate post-transcription. While its homologs mammals are known to be vital for viral replication and immune evasion, the full scope of CPSF30 in plant, particular in viral regulation, remains less explored. Our study demonstrates that CPSF30 significantly facilitates the infection of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in , as evidenced by infection experiments on the engineered mutant.