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The epidemic of the century, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is continuously rising. Intensive research is urgently needed whereby experimental models represent an essential tool to optimise the diagnostic strategy and to improve therapy. In this review, we describe the central principles of the metabolic tests available in order to study glucose and insulin homeostasis in mice, focusing on the most widely used - the glucose and insulin tolerance tests. We provide detailed experimental procedures as well as the practical implementation of these methods and discuss the main factors that should be taken into account when using this methodology.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7038777 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S234665 | DOI Listing |
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
September 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The differential diagnosis within polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, especially in the pediatric population, remains challenging. Despite its limited accuracy, the water deprivation test (WDT) is the reference test in pediatrics. We retrospectively analyzed performed in 65 pediatric patients (mean age 8.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Organisms often face multiple selective pressures simultaneously (e.g., mine tailings with multiple heavy metal contaminants), yet we know little about when adaptation to one stressor provides cross-tolerance or cross-intolerance to other stressors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
September 2025
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India.
Clozapine, the only drug approved by the FDA for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, operates within a narrow therapeutic range (0.35-0.60 mg/mL) and requires titration from 12.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
September 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Central Hospital, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China.
The fourth leading cause of cancer-related fatalities in the USA is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a particularly deadly illness that is resistant to immunotherapy. One of the Main Obstacles in cancer research is developing better treatments for PDAC, which has the lowest 5-year survival rate of any malignancy. Anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-L1, and anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade medications also have poor results in these patients, which may indicate the presence of other immunosuppressive mechanisms in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Surg
September 2025
Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Objective: We hypothesized that anatomic location of metastatic melanoma is associated with the degree of therapeutic response to TVEC.
Summary: TVEC is the first FDA-approved injectable oncolytic virus to treat unresectable stage IIIB-IV metastatic melanoma patients. Previously published real-world outcomes demonstrated a 39% complete response (CR) rate to TVEC.